Purpose: The purposes of the study were to (a) investigate both explicit and implicit motor imagery ability (MIA) impairment after stroke, (b) examine predictive effects of clinical characteristics for MIA after stroke.Materials and Methods: Forty one patients with stroke (PwS) (mean age 59.41 ± 10.19 years; %41 female) and 36 healthy participants (mean age 62.47 ± 9.29 years; %47 female) completed Chaotic Motor Imagery Assessment-Hand Rotation for implicit MIA and Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3) and Box and Block Test (BBT) for explicit MIA. The severity of motor and sensory impairments were determined by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMAUE) scores. The Turkish version of Motor Activity Log-28 was used to assess amount of use (AUS) and quality of movement in daily life.Results: Our results indicated that both implicit and explicit MIA (except kinaesthetic imagery of MIQ-3) in PwS were statistically impaired compared to controls (p < 0.05). The sensorimotor impairment level, amount of use and movement quality of the affected upper limb were found to be correlated with MIA in various degrees. Total motor scores in FMAUE and AUS were significant predictors of explicit MIA (p < 0.01). Additionally, explicit MIA scores of stroke subgroups were statistically different between severely and mildly impaired patients, in favour of mildly impaired group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, both motor impairment level and amount of daily use of upper extremity were found to be predictive factors for explicit MIA. Further investigation with brain imaging techniques is needed to explore the validity of these findings in establishing MIA.

中文翻译：

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中风患者外显和内隐运动想象能力的决定因素是什么？：一项对照研究。

目的：本研究的目的是 (a) 调查中风后外显和内隐运动想象能力 (MIA) 损伤，(b) 检查中风后 MIA 临床特征的预测效果。 材料和方法： 41 名中风患者(PwS)（平均年龄 59.41 ± 10.19 岁；41 名女性）和 36 名健康参与者（平均年龄 62.47 ± 9.29 岁；47 名女性）完成了混沌运动意象评估 - 内隐 MIA 和运动意象问卷 3（MIQ）的手旋转-3) 和 Box and Block Test (BBT) 用于显式 MIA。运动和感觉障碍的严重程度由 Fugl-Meyer 评估-上肢 (FMAUE) 评分确定。土耳其语版的运动活动日志 28 用于评估日常生活中的使用量 (AUS) 和运动质量。 结果：我们的结果表明，与对照组相比，PwS 中的内隐和外显 MIA（MIQ-3 的动觉图像除外）在统计学上均受损（p < 0.05）。发现受影响上肢的感觉运动障碍水平、使用量和运动质量与 MIA 存在不同程度的相关性。FMAUE 和 AUS 的总运动评分是显性 MIA 的重要预测因子（p < 0.01）。此外，卒中亚组的显性 MIA 评分在严重和轻度受损患者之间存在统计学差异，有利于轻度受损组（p < 0.05）。是显性 MIA 的预测因素。