Microplastics (MPs) and associated contaminants have become a major environmental concern. From available literature, their ubiquitous presence is now well established. However, the kind and level of toxicological impacts these MPs accomplish on various life forms are not well understood. Nevertheless, the environmental toxicity of MP is now being revealed gradually with supporting studies involving groups of lower organisms. Additionally, the presence of microplastics also disturbs the functions of ecosystem through affecting the vulnerable life forms, thus ecological manifestations of MPs also need to be analyzed. The present review encompasses an overview of toxicological effects mediated by various types of MPs present in the environment; it covers the types of toxicity they may cause and other effects on humans and other species. In this review, aquatic systems are used as primary models to describe various eco-toxicological effects of MPs. Various research gaps as well as methods to alleviate the level of MPs, and future strategies are also comprehensively highlighted in the review.

微塑料（MPs）和相关污染物已成为主要的环境问题。从现有文献中，它们的普遍存在现在已经确定。然而，人们对这些国会议员对各种生命形式的毒理学影响的种类和水平尚不十分了解。然而，随着涉及低等生物群的支持性研究逐渐揭示出MP的环境毒性。此外，微塑料的存在还通过影响脆弱的生命形式来干扰生态系统的功能，因此还需要分析MP的生态表现。本综述包括对环境中各种MP介导的毒理作用的概述。它涵盖了它们可能引起的毒性类型以及对人类和其他物种的其他影响。在这篇综述中，水生系统被用作描述MPs各种生态毒理作用的主要模型。审查中还全面强调了各种研究差距以及减轻议员水平的方法以及未来的策略。