An analytical protocol for the determination of multi-class pesticide metabolites chlorpyrifos-methyl (Chlorp-M), S-metolachlor (S-Metola), malaoxon (malaox), 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (2-CAAT), carbofuran phenol (CarbPhenol), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and one polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in fish was developed using the analytical technique GC–MS. Besides the verification of metabolite occurrence in catfish from both metropolitan region and intensive farming region, the protocol was applied to evaluate human health risk due to the contaminated fish consumption in Brazilian tropical semiarid coast, for the first time. Following the national and international quality standards, the analytical protocol showed acceptable recoveries with good repeatability. Limit of detection (LD) and limit of quantification (LQ) values ranged from 0.15 µg L−1 to 36.0 µg L−1 and from 0.55 µg L−1 to 112.9 µg L−1, respectively, and the sensitivity was considered satisfactory since it is a complex matrix. Only tree pesticide metabolites were detected in the captured catfish. CarbPhenol and 3-PBA presence may be attributed to the application in rural and urban activities for pest control, public health campaigns and household, while malaox presence may be due to the dengue control program. Malaox contents were significantly higher than 3-PBA and CarbPhenol for the three estuaries of the Ceará coast, but the dietary risk due to the consumption of these fish, mainly for the coastal communities, based on the values established for their parental compounds, was considered low for both 3-PBA and malaox, and of probable high risk for CarbPhenol. Results represent an alert to the high possibility of risks to human health due to the overuse of pesticides in Brazil, mainly carbofuran pesticide.

中文翻译：

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同时测定鱼类（鲶形目：鲟科）中的多类农药代谢物：针对巴西塞阿拉海岸人类饮食风险制定的协议

测定多类农药代谢物甲基毒死蜱 (Chlorp-M)、S-异丙甲草胺 (S-Metola)、马拉氧磷 (malaox)、2-chloro-4,6-diamino-1,3,5 的分析方案使用 GC-MS 分析技术开发了鱼体内的 -三嗪 (2-CAAT)、呋喃丹酚 (CarbPhenol)、3-苯氧基苯甲酸 (3-PBA) 和一种多环芳烃代谢物 1-羟基芘 (1-OHP)。除了验证大都市区和集约化养殖区鲶鱼的代谢物发生外，该协议首次应用于评估巴西热带半干旱海岸食用受污染鱼类造成的人类健康风险。遵循国家和国际质量标准，分析方案显示出可接受的回收率和良好的重复性。检测限 (LD) 和定量限 (LQ) 值的范围分别为 0.15 µg L-1 至 36.0 µg L-1 和 0.55 µg L-1 至 112.9 µg L-1，灵敏度令人满意，因为它是一个复矩阵。在捕获的鲶鱼中仅检测到树木农药代谢物。CarbPhenol 和 3-PBA 的存在可能归因于在农村和城市活动中用于害虫控制、公共卫生运动和家庭，而 malaox 的存在可能归因于登革热控制计划。塞阿拉海岸三个河口的 Malaox 含量显着高于 3-PBA 和 CarbPhenol，但考虑到食用这些鱼的饮食风险，主要针对沿海社区，基于为其亲本化合物确定的值3-PBA 和 malaox 均低，并且可能对 CarbPhenol 有高风险。结果表明，由于巴西过度使用杀虫剂，主要是克百威杀虫剂，对人类健康造成风险的可能性很高。