Mindfulness is typically understood as non-judgmental, focused attention on the present moment, although it may be conceptualized as a state, a trait, and an outcome of intervention. There is a limited understanding of the physiological effects of state and trait mindfulness, and it has been a challenge to the research community to measure these effects. This study examined whether state and trait mindfulness are associated with reduced stress response activation in healthy young adults. Fifty-four undergraduate participants completed self-ratings of state and trait mindfulness, and continuous measures of psychophysiological reactivity (i.e., skin conductance response) before, during, and after an interview about a recurrent stressor. Results indicated that individuals with greater self-reported state mindfulness had lower sympathetic psychophysiological activation than those with lower state mindfulness. Moreover, those with greater self-reported state mindfulness experienced greater drops in psychophysiological activation following a stressful task. However, differences in psychophysiological activation were not evident when comparing those with higher and lower self-reported trait mindfulness. The findings suggest that state mindfulness, or “being in the moment”, rather than trait mindfulness results in less engagement of metabolically costly psychophysiological activation in response to stress. Thus, intentional mindfulness during a stressful event may be important for decreasing sympathetic activation, resulting in lower bodily stress.

中文翻译：

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状态和特质正念作为皮肤电导对压力反应的预测因子。

正念通常被理解为非判断性的，将注意力集中在当下，尽管它可能被概念化为一种状态、一种特征和干预的结果。对状态和特质正念的生理影响了解有限，测量这些影响对研究界来说是一个挑战。这项研究检查了状态和特质正念是否与健康年轻人的压力反应激活减少有关。54 名本科参与者在接受关于反复压力源的采访之前、期间和之后完成了状态和特质正念的自我评价，以及心理生理反应（即皮肤电导反应）的连续测量。结果表明，自我报告状态正念程度较高的个体的交感神经心理生理激活程度低于状态正念程度较低的个体。此外，那些自我报告的状态正念程度更高的人在压力大的任务后心理生理活动的下降幅度更大。然而，在比较那些具有较高和较低自我报告特质正念的人时，心理生理激活的差异并不明显。研究结果表明，状态正念，或“在当下”，而不是特质正念，导致较少参与代谢成本高的心理生理激活以应对压力。因此，在压力事件期间有意识的正念可能对于减少交感神经激活很重要，从而降低身体压力。