Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the first human tumor virus being discovered and remains to date the only human pathogen that can transform cells in vitro. 55 years of EBV research have now brought us to the brink of an EBV vaccine. For this purpose, recombinant viral vectors and their heterologous prime-boost vaccinations, EBV-derived virus-like particles and viral envelope glycoprotein formulations are explored and are discussed in this review. Even so, cell-mediated immune control by cytotoxic lymphocytes protects healthy virus carriers from EBV-associated malignancies, antibodies might be able to prevent symptomatic primary infection, the most likely EBV-associated pathology against which EBV vaccines will be initially tested. Thus, the variety of EBV vaccines reflects the sophisticated life cycle of this human tumor virus and only vaccination in humans will finally be able to reveal the efficacy of these candidates. Nevertheless, the recently renewed efforts to develop an EBV vaccine and the long history of safe adoptive T cell transfer to treat EBV-associated malignancies suggest that this oncogenic γ-herpesvirus can be targeted by immunotherapies. Such vaccination should ideally implement the very same immune control that protects healthy EBV carriers.

中文翻译：

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针对 Epstein-Barr 病毒的疫苗接种。


EB病毒（EBV）是第一个被发现的人类肿瘤病毒，也是迄今为止唯一可以在体外转化细胞的人类病原体。 55 年的 EBV 研究现已将我们带到了 EBV 疫苗的边缘。为此，本文对重组病毒载体及其异源初免加强疫苗、EBV 衍生病毒样颗粒和病毒包膜糖蛋白制剂进行了探索和讨论。即便如此，细胞毒性淋巴细胞的细胞介导的免疫控制可以保护健康的病毒携带者免受 EBV 相关恶性肿瘤的侵害，抗体可能能够预防有症状的原发性感染，这是 EBV 疫苗最初测试的最有可能的 EBV 相关病理。因此，EBV 疫苗的多样性反映了这种人类肿瘤病毒复杂的生命周期，只有在人体中接种疫苗才能最终揭示这些候选疫苗的功效。然而，最近重新开发 EBV 疫苗的努力以及安全过继性 T 细胞移植治疗 EBV 相关恶性肿瘤的悠久历史表明，这种致癌性 γ-疱疹病毒可以成为免疫疗法的目标。理想情况下，此类疫苗接种应实施与保护健康 EBV 携带者相同的免疫控制。