Scattered woody vegetation generates multiple socio-economic and environmental benefits to the rural communities. Disregarding values associated with woody vegetation on pastures can decouple individuals from traditional management practices, resulting in the loss of biodiversity-rich farming landscapes. Here we employ semi-structured interviews and network analysis to understand the value networks attributed to scattered mature and large old trees in traditional wood-pastures of Central Romania. In our approach, values connect people to trees as well as other people when all share the same appreciation for trees. Farmers assigned 18 values to the scattered mature and large old trees on wood-pastures. Mature trees were appreciated mainly for their tangible benefits. The removal of a single value (i.e., shade value for livestock) decoupled a large proportion of farmers from the mature tree value network. Conversely, large old trees were appreciated for their socio-cultural values (e.g., identity, history). For these trees, the removal of individual socio-cultural values decoupled a relatively small number of people from the network. We suggest that the adoption of a value network approach to understanding multifunctional farming landscapes such as wood-pastures is important because it allows for (1) the understanding of the connections between people and landscape features (e.g., trees) as well as between people (i.e., through sharing the same values for trees), (2) the inclusion of values in the social–ecological monitoring projects and the understanding of the role of various local initiatives and land ownership forms in shaping the value network, and (3) facilitating the understanding of the circumstances of how formal regulatory policies may influence the multifunctional farming landscape as a social–ecological system.

中文翻译：

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通过价值网络了解人与自然的联系：以罗马尼亚中部的古代木草为例

零散的木本植被为农村社区带来了多种社会经济和环境效益。忽视与牧场上木本植物相关的价值，会使人们与传统的管理方式脱钩，从而导致生物多样性丰富的农业景观的丧失。在这里，我们采用半结构化访谈和网络分析，以了解归因于罗马尼亚中部传统木草场中散落的成熟大树的价值网络。在我们的方法中，价值观念将人们与树木以​​及其他人联系在一起，而所有人都对树木拥有相同的欣赏。农民为木草上散落的大树和老树分配了18个价值。成熟的树木主要因其有形的好处而受到赞赏。去除单个值（即，牲畜的阴影值）使大部分农民脱离了成熟的树木价值网络。相反，大型的老树因其社会文化价值（例如身份，历史）而受到赞赏。对于这些树木，个体社会文化价值的消除使相对少数的人脱离了网络。我们建议采用一种价值网络方法来了解多功能耕作景观，例如木草，这一点很重要，因为它可以（1）理解人与景观特征（例如树木）之间以及人与人之间的联系（也就是说，通过共享相同的树值），