In recent years, several global issues related to food waste, increasing CO2 emissions, water pollution, over-fertilization, deforestation, loss of arable land, food security, and energy storage have emerged. Climate change urgently needs to be addressed from an ecological and social perspective. Implementing new indoor urban vertical farming (IUVF) operations is one way to combat the above-mentioned issues as well as foodborne illnesses, scarcity of drinking water, and more crop failure due to infection from plant pathogens and insect pests. A promising production mode is plant factories (PFs), which are indoor plant production systems completely isolated from outside environment. This paper mainly focuses on the comprehensive review of scientific papers in order to analyse the different applications of urban farming (UF) based on three different dimensions: a) the manufacturing techniques and equipment used; b) the energy that these systems require, the distribution of energy, and ways to minimize the energy-related cost; and c) the technological innovations applied in order to optimize the cultivation possibilities of IUVF.

中文翻译：

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水-食物-能源联系时代的植物工厂：系统书目回顾

近年来，出现了一些与食物浪费、二氧化碳排放量增加、水污染、过度施肥、森林砍伐、耕地减少、粮食安全和能源储存相关的全球性问题。迫切需要从生态和社会的角度来应对气候变化。实施新的室内城市垂直农业 (IUVF) 操作是解决上述问题以及食源性疾病、饮用水短缺以及因植物病原体和害虫感染导致更多作物歉收的一种方法。一种有前途的生产模式是植物工厂（PFs），这是一种完全与外部环境隔离的室内植物生产系统。本文主要侧重于对科学论文的综合回顾，以分析基于三个不同维度的城市农业（UF）的不同应用：a）所使用的制造技术和设备；b) 这些系统所需的能源、能源的分配以及使能源相关成本最小化的方法；c) 为优化 IUVF 培养可能性而应用的技术创新。