Climate change is reshaping global biodiversity as species respond to changing temperatures. However, the net effects of climate-driven species redistribution on local assemblage diversity remain unknown. Here, we relate trends in species richness and abundance from 21,500 terrestrial and marine assemblage time series across temperate regions (23.5-60.0° latitude) to changes in air or sea surface temperature. We find a strong coupling between biodiversity and temperature changes in the marine realm, where species richness mostly increases with warming. However, biodiversity responses are conditional on the baseline climate, such that in initially warmer locations richness increase is more pronounced while abundance declines with warming. In contrast, we do not detect systematic temperature-related richness or abundance trends on land, despite a greater magnitude of warming. As the world is committed to further warming, substantial challenges remain in maintaining local biodiversity amongst the non-uniform inflow and outflow of 'climate migrants'. Temperature-driven community restructuring is especially evident in the ocean, whereas climatic debt may be accumulating on land.

中文翻译：

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温带海洋和陆地系统中与温度相关的生物多样性变化。

随着物种对温度变化的响应，气候变化正在改变全球生物多样性。然而，由气候驱动的物种重新分布对当地组合多样性的净影响仍然未知。在这里，我们将温带地区（纬度23.5-60.0°）的21,500个陆地和海洋组合时间序列的物种丰富度和丰度趋势与空气或海表温度的变化联系起来。我们发现海洋领域中生物多样性与温度变化之间存在很强的耦合，物种丰富度通常随着变暖而增加。但是，生物多样性的响应以基线气候为条件，因此，在最初较暖的地区，丰富度的增加更为明显，而随着气候变暖，丰度下降。相比之下，我们没有发现土地上与温度相关的系统性丰富度或丰度趋势，尽管变暖幅度更大。随着世界致力于进一步变暖，在“气候移民”的非均匀流入和流出中，维持本地生物多样性方面仍然存在巨大挑战。温度驱动的社区重组在海洋中尤为明显，而气候债务可能在陆地上积累。