The influence of divergence schemes in typical turbulence modelling on the aerodynamic behaviours was investigated in this study. Four common divergence schemes have been used to predict the aerodynamic behaviours of a typical train in crosswinds, including the first order upwind differencing (UD), second order limited-linear differencing (LL), linear-upwind differencing (LU) and Linear-upwind stabilized transport (LUST) schemes. Shear Stress Transport (SST) k – ω turbulence model and Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) were applied to simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of the train. Both SST and IDDES with the above three kinds of the second order divergence schemes are capable of predict accurately the pressure coefficient. Results obtained using SST with the second order discretisation schemes gave similar streamline trends around the train nose and as anticipated, results from the first order UD scheme showed poor comparison. Results obtained ...

中文翻译：

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数值散度方案对列车周围流动的影响

本研究研究了典型湍流模型中发散方案对空气动力学行为的影响。已使用四种常见的发散方案来预测典型列车在侧风中的空气动力学行为，包括一阶迎风微分（UD），二阶有限线性微分（LL），线性迎风微分（LU）和线性迎风稳定运输（LUST）计划。运用剪切应力传递（SST）k –ω湍流模型和改进的延迟分离涡模拟（IDDES）来模拟火车的空气动力学特性。具有上述三种二阶发散方案的SST和IDDES都能够准确地预测压力系数。使用SST和二阶离散化方案获得的结果在火车头周围给出了类似的流线型趋势，并且正如预期的那样，一阶UD方案的结果显示比较差。获得的结果...