Practical application of lithium metal (Li) anodes is impeded by Li dendrites generated by nonuniform deposition, which always leads to severe safety hazards. Herein, a stable hierarchical scaffold is rationally designed for dendrite-free lithium metal anode (LMA). The hierarchical scaffold consists of in-situ grown N-doped carbon nanotubes on the porous Ni foam (NCNT/NF), in which the interconnected NCNTs form the secondary structure and render numerous nucleation sites for uniform Li deposition. When applied as the Li metal anode, the NCNT/NF exhibits dendrite-free morphology without serial cracks and dead Li deposition whether it is treated by direct Li deposition or by infusing molten Li into the well-designed lithiophilic structure. Particularly, the hierarchical NCNT/NF scaffold shows low overpotential and high coulombic efficiency (average 98.2% over 200 cycles at 1 mA cm⁻²) during Li stripping/plating process. Furthermore, an ultralong life span over 400 h at 3 mA cm⁻² with high areal capacity of 3 mA h cm⁻² and stable full cell performance coupled with LiFePO₄ (capacity retention of 94% after 400 cycles at 2C) can be achieved by infusing molten Li to form NCNT/NF/Li composite anode. This is attributed to the rational design of NCNT/NF scaffold, which combines both the merits of hierarchical framework and excellent Li affinity from N-rich species (pyridinic N and pyrrolic N).

锂金属（Li）阳极的实际应用受到不均匀沉积产生的锂枝晶的阻碍，这始终会导致严重的安全隐患。在此，针对无枝晶的锂金属阳极（LMA）合理地设计了稳定的分级支架。分层支架由在多孔Ni泡沫（NCNT / NF）上原位生长的N掺杂碳纳米管组成，其中相互连接的NCNT形成二级结构并提供大量成核位点，以实现均匀的Li沉积。当用作Li金属阳极时，无论是通过直接Li沉积还是通过将熔融Li注入精心设计的亲硫结构中进行处理，NCNT / NF都显示出无枝晶形态，无连续裂纹和死Li沉积。尤其，^-2）在Li剥离/电镀过程中。此外，在3 mA cm ^{-2的条件下}，可实现400 h以上的超长寿命，具有3 mA h cm ^-2的高面积容量，并具有稳定的全电池性能以及LiFePO ₄（在2C下进行400次循环后的容量保持率为94％）通过注入熔融的锂形成NCNT / NF / Li复合阳极。这归因于NCNT / NF支架的合理设计，它结合了分层框架的优点和来自富N物种（吡啶N和吡咯N）的出色的Li亲和力。