Abstract The Marine and Coastal Areas for Indigenous Peoples (MCAIP) policy in Chile has the potential for scaling up marine biodiversity and cultural conservation through assigning access and management rights over marine areas to indigenous communities. While the policy is dominated by state institutions and frames management under western science protocols, it offers the opportunity to control unregulated activities, restore marine ecosystems and develop management plans which include traditional knowledge. In this article we review the policy implementation process and highlight current opportunities and threats, which if left unattended could jeopardize the policy. Currently, 91 areas have been requested by indigenous communities and are at various stages of the application and implementation process. Current spatial scale status at different levels of application procedure represent nearly 31.959 km2 of marine coastal zones. Key challenges of policy implementation relate to differences in worldviews between Indigenous communities and state institutions. Problems also relate to time frames and financial resources for the implementation of the policy and conflict which arises from concerns from non-indigenous artisanal fishers, who have legal access rights to fisheries, under the narrative that new access rights would limit existing livelihood alternatives and increase fishing pressure with the consequent diminishment of resources. Ensuring a legitimate implementation of the policy is a key starting point to enable further recognition of indigenous communities’ rights for self-determination in Chile.

中文翻译：

---

智利实施海洋和沿海地区土著人民政策的挑战和机遇

摘要 智利的土著人民海洋和沿海地区 (MCAIP) 政策具有通过将海洋区域的使用权和管理权分配给土著社区来扩大海洋生物多样性和文化保护的潜力。虽然该政策由国家机构主导，并根据西方科学协议制定管理框架，但它提供了控制不受管制的活动、恢复海洋生态系统和制定包含传统知识的管理计划的机会。在本文中，我们回顾了政策实施过程，并强调了当前的机遇和威胁，如果不加以注意可能会危及政策。目前，土著社区已经申请了 91 个地区，并处于申请和实施过程的不同阶段。当前不同应用程序级别的空间尺度状态代表近 31.959 平方公里的海洋海岸带。政策实施的主要挑战与土著社区和国家机构之间的世界观差异有关。问题还涉及执行政策的时间框架和财政资源，以及因拥有合法渔业准入权的非土著手工渔民的关切而引起的冲突，其说法是新的准入权将限制现有的生计选择并增加捕捞压力随之而来的资源减少。确保该政策的合法实施是进一步承认智利土著社区自决权的一个关键起点。