Utilizing phosphate more efficiently is crucial for sustainable crop production. Highly efficient rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars have been identified and this study aims to identify metabolic markers associated with P utilization efficiency (PUE). P deficiency generally reduced leaf P concentrations and CO₂ assimilation rates but efficient cultivars were reducing leaf P concentrations further than inefficient ones while maintaining similar CO₂ assimilation rates. Adaptive changes in carbon metabolism were detected but equally in efficient and inefficient cultivar groups. Groups furthermore did not differ with respect to partial substitutions of phospholipids by sulfo‐ and galactolipids. Metabolites significantly more abundant in the efficient group, such as sinapate, benzoate and glucoronate, were related to antioxidant defence and may help alleviating oxidative stress caused by P deficiency. Sugar alcohols ribitol and threitol were another marker metabolite for higher phosphate efficiency as were several amino acids, especially threonine. Since these metabolites are not known to be associated with P deficiency, they may provide novel clues for the selection of more P efficient genotypes. In conclusion, metabolite signatures detected here were not related to phosphate metabolism but rather helped P efficient lines to keep vital processes functional under the adverse conditions of P starvation.

中文翻译：

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水稻的高磷利用效率的代谢组学标记和生理适应。

更有效地利用磷酸盐对于可持续作物生产至关重要。已经鉴定出高效水稻（Oryza sativa）品种，本研究旨在鉴定与磷利用效率（PUE）相关的代谢标记。磷缺乏通常会降低叶片P浓度和CO ₂同化率，但高效品种在保持相似CO ₂的同时比低效品种更能降低叶片P浓度。同化率。可以检测到碳代谢的适应性变化，但在高效和低效率的品种组中均可以检测到。此外，在磺基和半乳糖脂对磷脂的部分取代方面，各组没有差异。有效组中的代谢物明显更丰富，例如芥子酸酯，苯甲酸酯和葡糖醛酸酯，与抗氧化剂防御有关，并可能有助于缓解磷缺乏引起的氧化应激。糖醇核糖醇和苏糖醇是另一种标志物代谢产物，具有较高的磷酸盐利用效率，其中几种氨基酸，尤其是苏氨酸。由于未知这些代谢物与磷缺乏症有关，因此它们可能为选择更多有效磷基因型提供新线索。结论，