An axe head and a round bead were found at the burial site of an adult male (dated at 3770 ± 90 ¹⁴C years BP) at Amboy, Córdoba (central Argentina). These artifacts were studied using electron microprobe, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, for a complete characterization of the materials and to infer the source. The axe head is carved from very fine-grained tonalite (composed dominantly of zoned plagioclase, quartz, potassic feldspar, chlorite, magnesiohornblende, titanite and magnetite) with microporphyritic texture. The bead is mainly composed of muscovite, an amorphous Cu–Al hydrated silicate (similar to chrysocolla) and malachite. Based on the coincidence between textures, mineralogy and chemical compositions, the most likely source of the axe is dykes of metaluminous tonalite scattered in the Sierras Chicas Range. The provenance of the bead could not be ascertained, but it is probable that it was carved from material collected from a very localized outcrop. These artifacts associated with a funerary context represent one of the oldest evidences of such materials for hunter–gatherer groups in central Argentina.

中文翻译：

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使用X射线衍射，电子微探针分析和X射线绘图跟踪3800年历史的墓葬物品的岩石来源：以阿根廷科尔多瓦为例

在一个成年男性的埋葬地点发现了一个斧头和一个圆珠（日期为3770±90 ^14）C年BP）在科尔多瓦（中央阿根廷）安博伊（Amboy）。使用电子探针，扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对这些伪像进行了研究，以对材料进行完整表征并推断出来源。斧头是由具有细微斑状纹理的细颗粒的角质石（主要由带状斜长石，石英，钾长石，绿泥石，镁角闪石，钛铁矿和磁铁矿组成）雕刻而成。珠子主要由白云母，无定形的Cu-Al水合硅酸盐（类似于金绿宝石）和孔雀石组成。根据质地，矿物学和化学成分之间的一致性，最有可能的斧头来源是塞拉山脉奇卡斯山脉中散布的金属斜长石堤。珠子的来源无法确定，但它很可能是用从非常局部的露头收集的材料雕刻而成的。这些与葬礼相关的文物代表了阿根廷中部狩猎者-采集者群体使用此类材料的最古老证据之一。