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Classical probabilities and belief functions in legal cases
Law, Probability and Risk ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1093/lpr/mgaa005
Ronald Meester 1
Affiliation  

I critically discuss a recent suggestion in Nance (Belief Functions and Burdens of Proof. Law, Probability and Risk, 18:53-76, 2018) concerning the question which ratios of beliefs are appropriate when in criminal or civil cases one works with belief functions instead of classical probabilities. I do not call into question the use of belief functions themselves in this context, and I agree with in Nance (Belief Functions and Burdens of Proof. Law, Probability and Risk, 18:53-76, 2018) that so-called 'uncommitted support', possible in the framework of belief functions, should not be taken into account in a decision-theoretic framework. However, I argue against in Nance (Belief Functions and Burdens of Proof. Law, Probability and Risk, 18:53-76, 2018) in that, at least in criminal law, relative sizes of beliefs should not be used for decision-making at all. I will argue that only the individual, absolute beliefs should be considered. Since belief functions generalize classical probabilities, this position seems at first sight to conflict with the fact that odds are abundant when we use classical probabilities in a legal context. I will take the opportunity, then, to point out that also in the classical setting, odds are not our primary concern either. They are convenient since they appear, together with the likelihood ratio, in the odds form of Bayes' rule. Apart from that, they do not have any individual significance. I also note that in civil law the conclusions might be different.

中文翻译:

法律案件中的经典概率和信念函数

我批判性地讨论了 Nance(信念功能和举证责任。法律,概率和风险,18:53-76,2018 年)最近关于在刑事或民事案件中与信念功能一起工作时哪些信念比率合适的问题的建议而不是经典概率。在这种情况下,我不会质疑信念函数本身的使用,并且我同意 Nance(信念函数和证明负担。法律,概率和风险,18:53-76,2018)所谓的“未承诺”支持”,在信念函数的框架中是可能的,在决策理论框架中不应该被考虑在内。然而,我在 Nance (Belief Functions and Burdens of Proof of Proof. Law, Probability and Risk, 18:53-76, 2018) 中反对,至少在刑法中,根本不应该将信念的相对大小用于决策。我认为应该只考虑个人的、绝对的信念。由于信念函数概括了经典概率,乍一看,这一立场似乎与当我们在法律上下文中使用经典概率时几率很大的事实相冲突。那么,我将借此机会指出,同样在经典环境中,赔率也不是我们主要关注的问题。它们很方便,因为它们与似然比一起以贝叶斯规则的赔率形式出现。除此之外,它们没有任何个人意义。我还注意到,在民法中,结论可能会有所不同。由于信念函数概括了经典概率,乍一看,这一立场似乎与当我们在法律上下文中使用经典概率时几率很大的事实相冲突。那么,我将借此机会指出,同样在经典环境中,赔率也不是我们主要关注的问题。它们很方便,因为它们与似然比一起以贝叶斯规则的赔率形式出现。除此之外,它们没有任何个人意义。我还注意到,在民法中,结论可能会有所不同。由于信念函数概括了经典概率,乍一看,这一立场似乎与当我们在法律环境中使用经典概率时几率很大的事实相冲突。那么,我将借此机会指出,同样在经典环境中,赔率也不是我们主要关注的问题。它们很方便,因为它们与似然比一起以贝叶斯规则的赔率形式出现。除此之外,它们没有任何个人意义。我还注意到,在民法中,结论可能会有所不同。它们很方便,因为它们与似然比一起以贝叶斯规则的赔率形式出现。除此之外,它们没有任何个人意义。我还注意到,在民法中,结论可能会有所不同。它们很方便,因为它们与似然比一起以贝叶斯规则的赔率形式出现。除此之外,它们没有任何个人意义。我还注意到,在民法中,结论可能会有所不同。
更新日期:2020-03-01
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