Plant morphogenetic regulation is an important part of plant development biology. An ideal plant architecture can be created to allow plant to fully capture and use solar energy and maximize rice yields per unit area. The TCP (THEOSINTE BRANCHCHED1-CYCLOIDEA-PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR1) family transcription factors participate in plant developmental processes associated with cell proliferation and growth. In this study, OsPCF7 gene was isolated from Oryza sativa L., which encodes a class II TCP protein with 270 amino acids. The qPCR analysis showed that OsPCF7 expressed in all tissues and organs at all times. The expressions of OsPCF7 in the tiller stage were dramatically increased, and OsPCF7 protein was predominately targeted to the nucleus. The overexpression of OsPCF7 increased shoot height, root length, and total root number of transgenic rice seedlings and promoted the tiller and heading of rice plant, causing increase of panicle numbers and filled grain numbers per plant, finally leading to increase of grain yield per plant. In addition, OsPCF7 could positively regulate the expression of STM, KNAT2, KNAT6, LOX2, AS1, and IAA3 in overexpressing OsPCF7 plant. By contrast, RNAi of OsPCF7 decreased the tiller, panicle numbers, filled grain numbers, and grain yield per plant. RNAi of OsPCF7 also led to a significant decrease in the expression of STM, KNAT2, KNAT6, LOX2, AS1, and IAA3. Taken together, OsPCF7 played multiple roles in rice plant architecture by regulating different biological processes during rice growth and development, which made it a potential gene in genetic improvement for agronomic trait of crops.

植物形态发生调控是植物发育生物学的重要组成部分。可以创建理想的植物体系结构，以使植物能够充分捕获和利用太阳能，并最大限度地提高每单位面积的水稻产量。TCP（THEOSINTE BRANCHCHED1-CYCLOIDEA-PROFIFERATING CELL FACTOR1）家族转录因子参与与细胞增殖和生长相关的植物发育过程。在这项研究中，OsPCF7基因是从Oryza sativa L.分离得到的，该基因编码具有270个氨基酸的II类TCP蛋白。qPCR分析显示OsPCF7始终在所有组织和器官中表达。OsPCF7的表达分the期中的OsPCF7蛋白显着增加，并且OsPCF7蛋白主要靶向细胞核。OsPCF7的过量表达增加了转基因水稻幼苗的苗高，根长和总根数，并促进了水稻的分er和抽穗，导致穗数和单株实粒数增加，最终导致单株籽粒产量增加。另外，OsPCF7可以在过量表达的OsPCF7植物中正调控STM，KNAT2，KNAT6，LOX2，AS1和IAA3的表达。相比之下，OsPCF7的RNAi减少了分till，穗数，饱粒数和单株籽粒产量。OsPCF7的RNAi也导致STM，KNAT2，KNAT6，LOX2，AS1和IAA3的表达显着降低。总之，OsPCF7通过调节水稻生长和发育过程中的不同生物过程而在水稻植物结构中发挥多种作用，这使其成为潜在的基因改良作物农艺性状。