To explore the origin of the diversity observed in natural populations, many studies have investigated the relationship between genotype and phenotype. In yeast species, especially in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these studies are mainly conducted using recombinant offspring derived from two genetically diverse isolates, allowing to define the phenotypic effect of genetic variants. However, large genomic variants such as interspecies introgressions are usually overlooked even if they are known to modify the genotype-phenotype relationship. To have a better insight into the overall phenotypic impact of introgressions, we took advantage of the presence of a 1-Mb introgressed region, which lacks recombination and contains the mating-type determinant in the Lachancea kluyveri budding yeast. By performing linkage mapping analyses in this species, we identified a total of 89 loci affecting growth fitness in a large number of conditions and 2,187 loci affecting gene expression mostly grouped into two major hotspots, one being the introgressed region carrying the mating-type locus. Because of the absence of recombination, our results highlight the presence of a sexual dimorphism in a budding yeast for the first time. Overall, by describing the phenotype-genotype relationship in the L. kluyveri species, we expanded our knowledge on how genetic characteristics of large introgression events can affect the phenotypic landscape.

中文翻译：

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酵母中一个较大的非重组渗入区的普遍表型影响。

为了探索在自然种群中观察到的多样性的起源，许多研究已经调查了基因型和表型之间的关系。在酵母物种中，尤其是在酿酒酵母中，这些研究主要是使用源自两个遗传多样性分离株的重组后代进行的，从而可以确定遗传变异的表型效应。然而，大型基因组变异（例如种间渗入）通常被忽略，即使已知它们会改变基因型与表型的关系。为了更好地了解渗入的整体表型影响，我们利用了1-Mb渗入区域的存在，该区域缺乏重组并且在Lachancea kluyveri发芽酵母中含有交配型决定簇。通过对该物种进行连锁作图分析，我们确定了在许多条件下总共影响基因适应性的89个基因座和影响基因表达的2187个基因座，这些基因座主要分为两个主要热点，一个是携带交配型基因座的渗入区。由于没有重组，我们的结果首次突出了在发芽酵母中存在性二态性。总体而言，通过描述克鲁维氏酵母物种的表型与基因型关系，我们扩展了关于大渗入事件的遗传特征如何影响表型景观的知识。我们的结果首次凸显了发芽酵母中存在性二态性。总体而言，通过描述克鲁维氏酵母物种的表型与基因型关系，我们扩展了关于大渗入事件的遗传特征如何影响表型景观的知识。我们的结果首次凸显了发芽酵母中存在性二态性。总体而言，通过描述克鲁维氏酵母物种的表型与基因型关系，我们扩展了关于大渗入事件的遗传特征如何影响表型景观的知识。