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Bat community response to intensification of biomass production for bioenergy across the southeastern United States.
Ecological Applications ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-02 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.2155
Holly K Ober 1 , Gavin M Jones 1 , Isabel G W Gottlieb 1, 2 , Shelly A Johnson 3 , Lora Smith 4 , Berry J Brosi 5 , Robert J Fletcher 1, 2
Affiliation  

Human demand for food, fiber, and space is accelerating the rate of change of land cover and land use. Much of the world now consists of a matrix of natural forests, managed forests, agricultural cropland, and urbanized plots. Expansion of domestic energy production efforts in the United States is one driver predicted to influence future land‐use and land management practices across large spatial scales. Favorable growing conditions make the southeastern United States an ideal location for producing a large portion of the country’s renewable bioenergy. We investigated patterns of bat occurrence in two bioenergy feedstocks commonly grown in this region (corn, Zea mays, and pine, Pinus taeda and P. elliottii). We also evaluated potential impacts of the three major pathways of woody biomass extraction (residue removal following clearcut harvest, short‐rotation energy plantations, and mid‐rotation forest thinning) to bat occurrence through a priori land‐use contrasts. We acoustically sampled bat vocalizations at 84 sites in the Southeastern Plains and Southern Coastal Plains of the southeastern United States across three years. We found that mid‐rotation thinning resulted in positive effects on bat occurrence, and potential conversion of unmanaged (reference) forest to managed forest for timber and/or bioenergy harvest resulted in negative effects on bat occurrence when effects were averaged across all species. The effects of short‐rotation energy plantations, removal of logging residues from plantation clearcuts, and corn were equivocal for all bat species examined. Our results suggest that accelerated production of biomass for energy production through either corn or intensively managed pine forests is not likely to have an adverse effect on bat communities, so long as existing older unmanaged forests are not converted to managed bioenergy or timber plantations. Beyond bioenergy crop production, mid‐rotation thinning of even‐aged pine stands intended for timber production, increases to the duration of plantation rotations to promote older forest stands, arranging forest stands and crop fields to maximize edge habitat, and maintaining unmanaged forests could benefit bat communities by augmenting roosting and foraging opportunities.

中文翻译:

蝙蝠社区对整个美国东南部生物能源生产量的增加做出了反应。

人类对食物,纤维和空间的需求正在加速土地覆盖和土地利用的变化速度。现在,世界大部分地区都由天然林,人工林,农田和城市化地块组成。在美国扩大国内能源生产的努力是预计会在较大的空间范围内影响未来土地使用和土地管理实践的一个驱动因素。有利的生长条件使美国东南部成为生产该国大部分可再生生物能源的理想场所。我们调查了在该地区常见的两种生物能源原料(玉米,玉米玉米,松树,taedaelliottii)中蝙蝠发生的模式)。我们还通过先验的土地利用对比评估了木质生物量提取的三种主要途径(清除砍伐后的残留物清除,短轮伐的能源种植园和中轮伐林的间伐)的潜在影响。在过去的三年中,我们在美国东南部的东南平原和南部沿海平原的84个地点对蝙蝠发声进行了声学采样。我们发现,轮作中期间伐对蝙蝠的发生产生积极影响,而当将所有物种的影响平均时,未管理(参考)森林向木材和/或生物能源收获的管理森林的潜在转化对蝙蝠的发生产生负面影响。短程旋转能源人工林的影响,清除人工林林木中的伐木残渣,玉米对所有蝙蝠种类都模棱两可。我们的结果表明,只要现有的较旧的未管理森林不转化为可管理的生物能源或木材种植园,通过玉米或集约经营的松树林加速生产生物质以用于能源生产,就不可能对蝙蝠群落产生不利影响。除生物能源作物生产外,用于木材生产的中年松林还需中轮伐减薄,增加了人工林轮作的持续时间,以促进较老的林分,安排林分和耕地以最大化边缘生境,维持未管理的森林可能会受益通过增加栖息地和觅食机会来蝙蝠社区。我们的结果表明,只要现有的较旧的未管理森林不转化为可管理的生物能源或木材种植园,通过玉米或集约经营的松树林加速生产生物质以用于能源生产,就不可能对蝙蝠群落产生不利影响。除生物能源作物生产外,用于木材生产的中年松林还需中轮伐减薄,增加了人工林轮作的持续时间,以促进较老的林分,安排林分和耕地以最大化边缘生境,维持未管理的森林可能会受益通过增加栖息地和觅食机会来蝙蝠社区。我们的结果表明,只要现有的较旧的未管理森林不转化为可管理的生物能源或木材种植园,通过玉米或集约经营的松树林加速生产生物质以用于能源生产,就不可能对蝙蝠群落产生不利影响。除生物能源作物生产外,用于木材生产的中年松林还需中轮伐减薄,增加了人工林轮作的持续时间,以促进较老的林分,安排林分和耕地以最大化边缘生境,维持未管理的森林可能会受益通过增加栖息地和觅食机会来蝙蝠社区。只要现有的较旧的未经管理的森林不转换为经过管理的生物能源或木材人工林。除生物能源作物生产外,用于木材生产的中年松林还需中轮伐减薄,增加了人工林轮作的持续时间,以促进较老的林分,安排林分和耕地以最大化边缘生境,维持未管理的森林可能会受益通过增加栖息地和觅食机会来蝙蝠社区。只要现有的较旧的未经管理的森林不转换为经过管理的生物能源或木材人工林。除生物能源作物生产外,用于木材生产的中年松林还需中轮伐减薄,增加了人工林轮作的持续时间,以促进较老的林分,安排林分和耕地以最大化边缘生境,维持未管理的森林可能会受益通过增加栖息地和觅食机会来蝙蝠社区。
更新日期:2020-05-02
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