Introduction: Cancer causes thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Therefore, monitoring of health status and the early diagnosis of cancer using noninvasive assays, such as the analysis of molecular biomarkers in urine, is essential. However, effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer have not been established in many types of cancer.Areas covered: In this review, we discuss recent findings with regard to the use of urine composition as a biomarker in eleven types of cancer. We also highlight the use of urine biomarkers for improving early diagnosis.Expert opinion: Urinary biomarkers have been applied for clinical application of early diagnosis. The main limitation is a lack of integrated approaches for identification of new biomarkers in most cancer. The utilization of urinary biomarker detection will be promoted by improved detection methods and new data from different types of cancers. With the development of precision medicine, urinary biomarkers will play an increasingly important clinical role. Future early diagnosis would benefit from changes in the utilization of urinary biomarkers.

中文翻译：

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尿液作为癌症生物标志物的最新进展：对旧故事的必要回顾。

简介：癌症每年在全世界造成数千人死亡。因此，使用无创检测（例如分析尿液中的分子生物标志物）监测健康状况和早期诊断癌症至关重要。然而，尚未在许多类型的癌症中建立用于癌症早期诊断的有效生物标志物。涵盖的领域：在本综述中，我们讨论了有关使用尿液成分作为 11 种癌症的生物标志物的最新发现。我们还强调使用尿液生物标志物来改善早期诊断。专家意见：尿液生物标志物已应用于早期诊断的临床应用。主要限制是缺乏用于识别大多数癌症中新生物标志物的综合方法。改进的检测方法和来自不同类型癌症的新数据将促进尿液生物标志物检测的应用。随着精准医学的发展，尿液生物标志物将在临床中发挥越来越重要的作用。未来的早期诊断将受益于尿液生物标志物利用的变化。