This study reports the development and performance evaluation of a portable household ceramic water filter with activated carbon and magnetic treatment unit. Three levels of percentage composition of clay sawdust 60–40, 50–50 and 40–60% by volume were used. Potable water is rarely available in most rural areas of Nigeria, and drinking contaminated water could cause waterborne and water-related diseases. The ceramic filter was constructed using kaolinite-clay and sawdust, heated inside a kiln at 750–800 °C to burnout the sawdust, create micropores in the ceramic and produced hard ceramic filter cup. The activated carbon was produced from coconut shell and burnt at 750–800 °C. The ceramic, activated carbon and hose surrounded by neodymium magnet were put in each separate 12-l bucket, and the 3 buckets were placed over each other. Water was poured into the filter, and water discharge from the filter was determined. Water samples were analysed for performance evaluation of the filter. The mean water discharge of the filter with 60–40, 50–50 and 40–60% clay-sawdust were 0.365, 0.428 and 0.463 l/h, respectively. The turbidity of raw water, filtered through ceramic, ceramic plus activated carbon and ceramic plus activated carbon plus magnetic treatment were 11.59, 3.90, 3.80 and 3.80 NTU, respectively. Corresponding total coliform counts were 119, 7, 7 and 7, but WHO limit is 10 cfu/100 mL. The filter weighed 2 kg, removed E. coli bacteria from the water and is recommended for water purification.

中文翻译：

---

带有活性炭和磁处理装置的便携式家用陶瓷水过滤器的开发和性能评估

这项研究报告了带有活性炭和磁处理单元的便携式家用陶瓷水过滤器的开发和性能评估。粘土木屑的三个百分比组成分别为体积百分比60–40、50–50和40–60％。在尼日利亚的大多数农村地区，很少有饮用水，饮用受污染的水可能会导致水源性疾病和与水有关的疾病。陶瓷过滤器使用高岭石粘土和锯末构造，在窑内在750–800°C的温度下加热以烧掉锯末，在陶瓷中产生微孔，并制成坚硬的陶瓷过滤杯。活性炭由椰子壳产生，并在750–800°C下燃烧。将陶瓷，活性炭和被钕磁铁包围的软管放入每个单独的12升桶中，并将3个桶相互放置。将水倒入过滤器中，并确定从过滤器中排出的水。分析水样品以评估过滤器的性能。含60％，40％，50％和40％至60％的木屑的过滤器的平均排水量分别为0.365、0.428和0.463 l / h。经陶瓷，陶瓷加活性炭和陶瓷加活性炭加磁处理过滤的原水浊度分别为11.59、3.90、3.80和3.80 NTU。相应的大肠菌群总数分别为119、7、7和7，但WHO限值为10 cfu / 100 mL。过滤器重2公斤，已移除 分别。经陶瓷，陶瓷加活性炭和陶瓷加活性炭加磁处理过滤的原水浊度分别为11.59、3.90、3.80和3.80 NTU。相应的大肠菌群总数分别为119、7、7和7，但WHO限值为10 cfu / 100 mL。过滤器重2公斤，已移除 分别。经陶瓷，陶瓷加活性炭和陶瓷加活性炭加磁处理过滤的原水浊度分别为11.59、3.90、3.80和3.80 NTU。相应的大肠菌群总数分别为119、7、7和7，但WHO限值为10 cfu / 100 mL。过滤器重2公斤，已移除大肠埃希菌，建议从水中纯化。