Recently, the tendency towards application of natural products and botanical extracts as safer antioxidant and antimicrobial agents has been increased. Herein, ethyl acetate, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Ephedra alata from seven natural Tunisian geographic locations were phytochemically assessed and evaluated regarding bioactive, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the phytochemical content, antioxidant and anti-food-borne bacterial activities were detected among the E. alata populations. For each extraction solvent, linear regression analysis showed that environmental factors: altitude, average annual precipitation (AAP), average annual temperature (AAT) and relative air humidity (RH), are affecting variability in phytochemical contents In fact, altitude and AAP acted positively on total flavonoid contents (TFC) and the increasing of AAT was directly related to all phenolic contents (TPC, TFC and total anthocyanins content (TAC)). The evaluation of experimental data for all extracts was performed by applying chemometric approach: hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). It was found that the seven population’s E. alata could be classified geographically into four distinct groups. Equally, relationships linking all data through Pearson coefficient correlation were also reported. The findings of this study will help medicinal plant growers and pharmaceuticals to identify suitable habitats and extraction solvent for the effective harnessing of E. alata phytochemicals.

中文翻译：

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酚类和生物活性的化学计量学多元分析，用于表征和鉴别突尼斯麻黄

近来，增加了将天然产物和植物提取物用作更安全的抗氧化剂和抗微生物剂的趋势。本文对 来自七个突尼斯自然地理位置的麻黄的乙酸乙酯，乙醇和水提物进行了植物化学评估，并评估了其生物活性，抗氧化剂和抗菌性能。 在E. alata中检测到植物化学含量，抗氧化剂和抗食源性细菌活性方面的显着差异（p <0.05）  人口。对于每种提取溶剂，线性回归分析表明环境因素：海拔高度，年平均降水量（AAP），年平均温度（AAT）和相对空气湿度（RH），都对植物化学含量的变化产生影响。总黄酮含量（TFC）和AAT的增加与所有酚含量（TPC，TFC和总花青素含量（TAC））直接相关。通过应用化学计量学方法对所有提取物的实验数据进行评估：层次聚类分析（HCA）和主成分分析（PCA）。发现这七个种群的大肠埃希氏菌在地理上可以分为四个不同的组。同样，还报告了通过皮尔逊系数相关性将所有数据链接起来的关系。这项研究的结果将有助于药用植物种植者和制药公司找出合适的生境和提取溶剂，以有效地利用阿拉木图的植物化学物质。