Monitoring the antibiotic resistance of H. pylori is an important step in the effective treatment of this bacterium, thus the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori strains isolated from pediatric and adult patients with primary infections in 2016-2018. Antral biopsies from 334 treatment-naïve patients (126 children and 208 adults) were obtained. A total of 71 clinical H. pylori strains (22 from children and 49 from adults) were isolated and examined for amoxicillin (AMX), clarithromycin (CLR), metronidazole (MTZ), tetracycline (TET), and levofloxacin (LEV) susceptibility. The activity of the antibiotics was measured by E-tests. Strains were considered as resistant to antibiotics with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) equal to ≥0.125 μg/mL (AMX), ≥0.5 μg/mL (CLR), ≥8 μg/mL (MTZ), and ≥1 μg/mL (TET and LEV). The highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori strains was observed for CLR and MTZ, at frequencies of 54.5% and 31.8% vs. 30.6% and 46.9% for children and adults, respectively. A much lower frequency of isolation of resistant strains was demonstrated for LEV and TET, this being 9.1% and 4.5% vs. 18.4% and 4.1% for pediatric and adult patients, respectively. The presence of AMX-resistant strains was not observed. The H. pylori strains isolated from Polish patients with primary infections showed a high level of antibiotic resistance to CLR and MTZ (>30%).

中文翻译：

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2016-2018年波兰小儿和成年患者分离出的幽门螺杆菌菌株的高主要抗生素耐药性。

监测幽门螺杆菌的耐药性是有效治疗该细菌的重要步骤，因此，本研究的目的是评估分离自小儿和成年原发感染成人患者的幽门螺杆菌菌株的耐药性。 2016-2018。获得了334名未接受过治疗的患者（126名儿童和208名成人）的肛门活检。分离出总共71例临床幽门螺杆菌菌株（儿童22例，成人49例），并检查了阿莫西林（AMX），克拉霉素（CLR），甲硝唑（MTZ），四环素（TET）和左氧氟沙星（LEV）的敏感性。通过E-测试测量抗生素的活性。菌株被认为具有最小抑菌浓度（MIC）≥≥0.125μg/ mL（AMX），≥0.5μg/ mL（CLR），≥8μg/ mL（MTZ），≥1μg/ mL（TET和LEV）。对于CLR和MTZ，幽门螺杆菌菌株的抗生素耐药性最高，分别为54.5％和31.8％，而儿童和成人分别为30.6％和46.9％。LEV和TET分离出耐药菌株的频率要低得多，分别为9.1％和4.5％，而儿科和成年患者分别为18.4％和4.1％。没有观察到AMX抗性菌株的存在。从波兰原发感染患者中分离出的幽门螺杆菌菌株对CLR和MTZ的抗生素耐药性较高（> 30％）。LEV和TET分离出耐药菌株的频率要低得多，分别为9.1％和4.5％，而儿科和成年患者分别为18.4％和4.1％。没有观察到AMX抗性菌株的存在。从波兰原发感染患者中分离出的幽门螺杆菌菌株对CLR和MTZ的抗生素耐药性较高（> 30％）。LEV和TET分离出耐药菌株的频率要低得多，分别为9.1％和4.5％，而儿科和成年患者分别为18.4％和4.1％。没有观察到AMX抗性菌株的存在。从波兰原发感染患者中分离出的幽门螺杆菌菌株对CLR和MTZ的抗生素耐药性较高（> 30％）。