Nonlethal tools (plasma sex steroid concentrations and ultrasound) for assigning sex and reproductive condition in Burbot Lota lota from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, were assessed. Gonadal tissue, blood plasma, and gonadal sonograms were collected monthly from November 2016 to March 2018. Gametogenesis was described by gonadal histology during an entire reproductive cycle to confirm sex and reproductive condition. Plasma testosterone (T) and estradiol‐17β (E2) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT) concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Plasma sex steroid profiles, gonadosomatic index, and ovarian follicle diameter were also described during an entire reproductive cycle. Plasma 11‐KT concentration was used to assign sex with 82% accuracy during the entire reproductive cycle, and plasma 11‐KT and E2 concentrations were used to assign sex with 98% accuracy when fish were reproductive (i.e., November–March in Lake Roosevelt). Plasma T and E2 concentrations were used to assign reproductive condition in females with 98% accuracy, and plasma T concentration was used to assign reproductive condition in males with 90% accuracy. Ultrasound was used to assign sex with 96% accuracy but was not useful for assigning reproductive condition. Nonlethal tools to assign sex and reproductive condition will enable fisheries biologists to assess reproductive indices of the Burbot population in Lake Roosevelt to inform management decisions.

中文翻译：

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Burbot配子和生殖条件的非致死工具的配子发生和评估

非致命性工具（血浆性类固醇浓度和超声波），用于在Burbot Lota lota中确定性别和生殖状况来自华盛顿罗斯福湖的评估。从2016年11月至2018年3月每月收集一次性腺组织，血浆和性腺超声图。通过整个生殖周期的性腺组织学描述配子发生，以确认性别和生殖状况。通过放射免疫测定法测定血浆睾丸激素（T）和雌二醇-17β（E2）的浓度。血浆11-酮睾酮（11-KT）浓度通过液相色谱-质谱法测定。还描述了整个生殖周期中的血浆性类固醇特征，性腺激素指数和卵巢卵泡直径。在整个生殖周期中，血浆11‐KT浓度用于以82％的精度进行性别分配，而鱼类生殖时，血浆11‐KT和E2浓度用于以98％的精度进行性别分配（即，11月至3月在罗斯福湖）。血浆T和E2浓度用于确定雌性的生殖状况，准确度为98％，血浆T浓度用于确定雄性的生殖状况，准确率为90％。超声被用于以96％的准确度进行性别分配，但对分配生殖状况没有用。分配性别和生殖条件的非致命工具将使渔业生物学家能够评估罗斯福湖Burbot种群的生殖指数，以为管理决策提供依据。超声被用于以96％的准确度进行性别分配，但对分配生殖状况没有用。分配性别和生殖条件的非致命工具将使渔业生物学家能够评估罗斯福湖Burbot种群的生殖指数，以为管理决策提供依据。超声被用于以96％的准确度进行性别分配，但对分配生殖状况没有用。分配性别和生殖条件的非致命工具将使渔业生物学家能够评估罗斯福湖Burbot种群的生殖指数，以为管理决策提供依据。