Drosophila larvae need to adapt their metabolism to reach a critical body size to pupate. This process needs food resources and has to be tightly adjusted to control metamorphosis timing and adult size. Nutrients such as amino acids either directly present in the food or obtained via protein digestion play key regulatory roles in controlling metabolism and growth. Amino acids act especially on two organs, the fat body and the brain, to control larval growth, body size developmental timing and pupariation. The expression of specific amino acid transporters in fat body cells, and in the brain through specific neurons and glial cells is essential to activate downstream molecular signaling pathways in response to amino acid levels. In this review, we highlight some of these specific networks dependent on amino acid diet to control DILP levels, and by consequence larval metabolism and growth.

中文翻译：

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果蝇幼虫氨基酸转运蛋白的生长调节。


果蝇幼虫需要调整其新陈代谢才能达到化蛹的临界体型。这个过程需要食物资源，并且必须严格调整以控制变态时间和成虫体型。氨基酸等营养素直接存在于食物中或通过蛋白质消化获得，在控制新陈代谢和生长方面发挥着关键的调节作用。氨基酸尤其作用于脂肪体和大脑这两个器官，以控制幼虫的生长、体型发育时间和化蛹。特定氨基酸转运蛋白在脂肪体细胞中以及通过特定神经元和神经胶质细胞在大脑中的表达对于激活下游分子信号传导途径以响应氨基酸水平至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们强调了其中一些依赖氨基酸饮食来控制 DILP 水平的特定网络，从而控制幼虫的代谢和生长。