Understanding the impact of various climate features on wave climate is important for effective coastal climate adaptation and mitigation strategy planning. In the present study, the effect of tropical and extra-tropical climate modes such as Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on wind-wave climate of the Indian Ocean (IO) is studied using multiple linear regression of individual climate indices on relevant wind-wave parameters. There are two regions of importance for swell generation in the Indian Ocean - a region between 40° and 60° S in the Southern Ocean (SO) and another region in the Eastern Tropical Indian Ocean (ETIO; 10°–30° S, 60°–100 °E). SAM, the strongest inter-annual mode of the SO, generates swells in the 40°–60°S band throughout the year that eventually propagates to the entire North IO. Both the positive and negative phases of SAM generate swells from SO, but it’s genesis region vary meridionally depending on the phase of SAM. The positive phase of ENSO (LaNiña) generally reduce the westerly wind anomalies in the SO caused by a positive phase of SAM and hence reduce the swell generation from SO, but causes stronger south-easterlies in the ETIO, generating more swells from there. IOD that peaks in September–October–November period has its effect on swell generation limited to eastern equatorial IO. Our analysis suggests that interannual climate features are important in modulating wind-wave climate of IO and a basin-wide model set-up with an accurate representation of various interannual climate features is a prerequisite for accurate wave forecast.

理解各种气候特征对海浪气候的影响对于有效的沿海气候适应和减灾战略规划很重要。在本研究中，热带和热带气候模式，如印度洋偶极子（IOD），厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）和南部环状模式（SAM）对印度洋（IO）的风浪气候的影响在相关风波参数上使用单个气候指数的多元线性回归来研究风能。在印度洋，有两个重要的区域是浪涌产生的区域：南部海洋（SO）介于40°至60°S之间的一个区域，以及东部热带印度洋（ETIO; 10°–30°S，60 °–100°E）。SAM，SO最强的年度模式，全年会在40°–60°S波段产生膨胀，最终传播到整个北IO。SAM的正相和负相都会从SO产生膨胀，但是其发生区域会随SAM的相位而在子午线上发生变化。ENSO（LaNiña）的正相通常会减少由SAM正相引起的SO中的西风异常，因此减少了SO产生的涌浪，但在ETIO中引起更强烈的东南风，从那里产生了更多的涌浪。在9月至10月至11月达到峰值的IOD对其产生的膨胀产生影响，但仅限于赤道东部IO。