The gut microbiome has far-reaching effects on host organism health, so understanding the processes that underlie microbial community assembly in the developing gut is a current research priority. Here, a holothurian (also known as sea cucumber; phylum Echinodermata) host is explored as a promising model system for studying the assembly of the gut microbiome. Holothurians have a unique capacity for evisceration (expulsion of the internal organs), followed by rapid regeneration of the gut, decoupling host ontogeny from gut tissue development and permitting experimental manipulation of the gut microbiome in mature host individuals. Here, evisceration was induced in the sea cucumber Sclerodactyla briareus, and regenerating stomach and intestine microbiomes were characterized before and on days 0, 13, 17, and 20 after evisceration using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Regenerating stomach and intestine tissues had microbial communities significantly different from those of mature tissues, with much higher alpha diversity and evenness of taxa in regenerating tissues. Despite immersion in a diverse pool of sediment and seawater microbes in flowthrough seawater aquaria, regenerating gut microbiomes differed at each stage of regeneration and displayed a highly similar community structure among replicates, providing evidence for deterministic host selection of a specific microbial consortium. Moreover, regenerating gut tissues acquired a microbiome that likely conferred energetic and immune advantages to the sea cucumber host, including microbes that can fix carbon and degrade invading pathogens.

中文翻译：

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海参肠再生显示肠道微生物组的确定性组装。

肠道微生物组对宿主生物的健康具有深远的影响，因此，了解发育中肠道微生物群落组装基础的过程是当前的研究重点。在这里，一种全人类（也称为海参；棘皮动物门）被研究为研究肠道微生物组的有前途的模型系统。整形人具有独特的内脏排异能力（内脏器官的排出），然后是肠道的快速再生，宿主个体发育与肠道组织发育脱钩，并允许在成熟宿主个体中实验性控制肠道微生物组。在这里，海参Sclerodactyla briareus被剔除，以及使用16S rRNA基因的Illumina测序，在内脏之前和之后第0、13、17和20天对再生的胃和肠微生物群进行了表征。再生的胃和肠组织的微生物群落与成熟组织的微生物群落显着不同，再生组织中的生物分类群具有更高的α多样性和均匀性。尽管浸没在流经海水水族箱中的各种沉积物和海水微生物池中，但再生肠道微生物区系在再生的每个阶段都不同，并且在复制物中显示出高度相似的群落结构，为确定性微生物群落的确定性宿主选择提供了证据。此外，再生的肠道组织获得了一个微生物组，该微生物组可能赋予海参宿主以能量和免疫优势，