Population surveying and monitoring are important for identifying conservation needs and tracking trends in populations, communities, and ecosystems over time and laying the groundwork for conservation management and policy decisions. If species or populations go undetected because of inadequate effort or sampling design, protection and management cannot be properly provided. Due to the widespread loss of populations, the Eastern Massasauga (a rattlesnake) was recently listed as a federally threatened species in the United States; it is also listed as threatened in Canada. Given its current conservation status, there is considerable interest at state and federal levels in determining how to best survey for Eastern Massasaugas to aid in management decisions. Using a 16-year dataset, we examined the relationships among environmental, temporal, area, management, and search effort factors on the detection probability of Eastern Massasaugas. We found that four abiotic parameters (solar irradiance, shaded air temperature, three-day maximum air temperature, and humidity) and three search parameters (effort per researcher, search area, and search time of day) influenced detection of Eastern Massasaugas. As the current biodiversity crisis continues, the cost-effective use of resources and scientific expertise will continue to increase in importance. We hope our results stimulate similar analyses in other taxa, which will be critical for designing and implementing regional survey and monitoring programs.

中文翻译：

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影响濒危和隐身物种检测的因素

人口调查和监测对于确定保护需求并随时间推移追踪人口，社区和生态系统的趋势，以及为保护管理和政策决策奠定基础非常重要。如果由于工作量或采样设计不充分而无法发现物种或种群，则无法正确提供保护和管理。由于人口的大量流失，最近在美国，东部马萨索加（响尾蛇）被列为受到联邦威胁的物种。它在加拿大也被列为受威胁的。鉴于其目前的保护状况，州和联邦一级对确定如何最好地调查马萨诸塞州东部以协助管理决策有相当大的兴趣。我们使用16年的数据集，研究了环境，时间，面积，管理和搜索工作量因素对东部马萨诸塞州的检测概率。我们发现四个非生物参数（太阳辐照度，阴凉的气温，三天最高气温和湿度）和三个搜索参数（每个研究人员的工作量，搜索区域和一天中的搜索时间）影响了东部马萨诸塞州的检测。随着当前生物多样性危机的继续，对资源和科学专门知识进行具有成本效益的利用的重要性将继续提高。我们希望我们的结果能激发其他分类单元中的类似分析，这对于设计和实施区域调查和监视程序至关重要。三天的最高气温和湿度）和三个搜索参数（每个研究人员的工作量，搜索区域和一天中的搜索时间）影响了对东部马萨诸塞州的检测。随着当前生物多样性危机的继续，对资源和科学专门知识进行具有成本效益的利用的重要性将继续提高。我们希望我们的结果能激发其他分类单元中的类似分析，这对于设计和实施区域调查和监视程序至关重要。三天的最高气温和湿度）和三个搜索参数（每个研究人员的工作量，搜索区域和一天中的搜索时间）影响了对东部马萨诸塞州的检测。随着当前生物多样性危机的继续，对资源和科学专门知识进行具有成本效益的利用的重要性将继续提高。我们希望我们的结果能激发其他分类单元中的类似分析，这对于设计和实施区域调查和监视程序至关重要。