Our review summarizes and compares the temporal development (eras) of antifungal drug discovery as well as antibacterial ventures. The innovation gap that occurred in antibacterial discovery from 1960 to 2000 was likely due to tailoring of existing compounds to have better activity than predecessors. Antifungal discovery also faced innovation gaps. The semi-synthetic antibiotic era was followed closely by the resistance era and the heightened need for new compounds and targets. With the immense contribution of comparative genomics, antifungal targets became part of the discovery focus. These targets by definition are absolutely required to be fungal- or even lineage (clade) specific. Importantly, targets need to be essential for growth and/or have important roles in disease and pathogenesis. Two types of antifungals are discussed that are mostly in the FDA phase I–III clinical trials. New antifungals are either modified to increase bioavailability and stability for instance, or are new compounds that inhibit new targets. One of the important developments in incentivizing new antifungal discovery has been the prolific number of publications of global and country-specific incidence. International efforts that champion global antimicrobial drug discovery are discussed. Still, interventions are needed. The current pipeline of antifungals and alternatives to antifungals are discussed including vaccines.

中文翻译：

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抗真菌管道：建立需求。是否有新化合物？

我们的综述总结并比较了抗真菌药物发现和抗菌药物的开发时间（时代）。1960年至2000年在抗菌剂发现中出现的创新鸿沟可能是由于对现有化合物进行定制以使其比以前的化合物具有更好的活性。抗真菌剂的发现也面临创新缺口。半合成抗生素时代紧随其后的是抗药性时代，对新化合物和新靶标的需求日益增加。在比较基因组学的巨大贡献下，抗真菌目标已成为发现重点的一部分。根据定义，这些目标绝对必须是真菌或什至谱系（进化枝）特有的。重要的是，靶标对于生长必不可少和/或在疾病和发病机理中具有重要作用。讨论了两种类型的抗真菌药，大部分在FDA的I-III期临床试验中。例如，对新的抗真菌药进行修饰以提高生物利用度和稳定性，或者是抑制新靶标的新化合物。激发新的抗真菌发现的重要发展之一是大量的全球和特定国家发病率出版物。讨论了支持全球抗菌药物发现的国际努力。仍然需要干预。讨论了目前的抗真菌药和抗真菌药的替代品，包括疫苗。激发新的抗真菌发现的重要发展之一是大量的全球和特定国家发病率出版物。讨论了支持全球抗菌药物发现的国际努力。仍然需要干预。讨论了目前的抗真菌药和抗真菌药的替代品，包括疫苗。激发新的抗真菌发现的重要发展之一是大量的全球和特定国家发病率出版物。讨论了支持全球抗菌药物发现的国际努力。仍然需要干预。讨论了目前的抗真菌药和抗真菌药的替代品，包括疫苗。