Predicting fungal community assembly is partly limited by our understanding of the factors driving the composition of deposited spores. We studied the relative contribution of vegetation, geographical distance, seasonality and weather to fungal spore deposition across three vegetation types. Active and passive spore traps were established in agricultural fields, deciduous forests and coniferous forests across a geographic gradient of ∼600 km. Active traps captured the spore community suspended in air, reflecting the potential deposition, whereas passive traps reflected realized deposition. Fungal species were identified by metabarcoding of the ITS2 region. The composition of spore communities captured by passive traps differed more between vegetation types than across regions separated by >100 km, indicating that vegetation type was the strongest driver of composition of deposited spores. By contrast, vegetation contributed less to potential deposition, which followed a seasonal pattern. Within the same site, the spore communities captured by active traps differed from those captured by passive traps. Realized deposition tended to be dominated by spores of species related to vegetation. Temperature was negatively correlated with the fungal species richness of both potential and realized deposition. Our results indicate that vegetation may be able to maintain similar fungal communities across distances, and likely be the driving factor of fungal spore deposition at landscape level.

中文翻译：

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植被类型决定了森林-农业马赛克景观中的孢子沉积。

我们对驱动沉积孢子组成的因素的了解，部分限制了真菌群落的组装。我们研究了三种植被类型上植被，地理距离，季节性和天气对真菌孢子沉积的相对贡献。在约600 km的地理梯度上的农田，落叶林和针叶林中建立了主动和被动孢子陷阱。主动陷阱捕获了悬浮在空气中的孢子群落，反映了潜在的沉积，而被动陷阱则反映了已实现的沉积。通过对ITS2区域进行metabarcoding识别真菌种类。植被类型之间的被动陷阱捕获的孢子群落组成差异远大于相距> 100 km的地区之间的差异，表明植被类型是沉积孢子组成的最强驱动力。相比之下，植被对潜在沉积的贡献较小，而这种沉积遵循季节性模式。在同一地点，主动陷阱捕获的孢子群落与被动陷阱捕获的孢子群落不同。已实现的沉积往往以与植被有关的物种的孢子为主。温度与潜在和已实现沉积的真菌物种丰富度负相关。我们的结果表明，植被可能能够在远距离维持相似的真菌群落，并且可能是景观水平上真菌孢子沉积的驱动因素。在同一地点，主动陷阱捕获的孢子群落与被动陷阱捕获的孢子群落不同。已实现的沉积往往以与植被有关的物种的孢子为主。温度与潜在和已实现沉积的真菌物种丰富度负相关。我们的结果表明，植被可能能够在远距离维持相似的真菌群落，并且可能是景观水平上真菌孢子沉积的驱动因素。在同一地点，主动陷阱捕获的孢子群落与被动陷阱捕获的孢子群落不同。已实现的沉积往往以与植被有关的物种的孢子为主。温度与潜在和已实现沉积的真菌物种丰富度负相关。我们的结果表明，植被可能能够在远距离维持相似的真菌群落，并且可能是景观水平上真菌孢子沉积的驱动因素。