It is well-established that intrusions are universal phenomena that differ from obsessions in frequency, intensity, and distress, but otherwise are very similar in content. This understanding has guided research in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to focus on the misappraisals of intrusions, rather than the intrusions themselves. However, recent evidence suggests that other factors might distinguish intrusions from obsessions, namely the context in which they arise. Indeed, intrusions that occur without direct evidence are related to increased OCD symptoms, obsessive beliefs, and the tendency to confuse reality with the imagination, especially confusing a feared possible self with the person's actual self. However, experimental evidence supporting these findings is lacking, a gap the current study aimed to fill. Five hundred and fifty-seven undergraduate students completed a battery of questionnaires online, which included an experimental task made up of scenarios designed to gauge endorsement in specific intrusions that are either supported or not supported by direct evidence. Results showed that intrusions without direct evidence supporting them uniquely predicted OCD symptoms, whereas intrusions with evidence did not predict OCD symptoms; and that inferential confusion and feared self-perceptions predicted characteristics of the intrusions without direct evidence. Implications for cognitive-behavioural formulations of OCD are discussed.

众所周知，入侵是一种普遍现象，在频率，强度和困扰上与强迫症不同，但在内容上却非常相似。这种理解指导了强迫症（OCD）的研究，将重点放在对入侵的错误评估上，而不是针对入侵本身。但是，最近的证据表明，其他因素可能会将入侵与强迫症区分开，即入侵发生的背景。确实，在没有直接证据的情况下发生的入侵行为与强迫症症状增加，强迫观念以及将现实与想象力相混淆的趋势有关，特别是与可能的可能的自我与人的实际自我相混淆。但是，缺乏支持这些发现的实验证据，这是当前研究旨在填补的空白。557名大学生在线完成了一系列调查问卷，其中包括一项实验任务，该任务由旨在评估支持或不支持直接证据的特定入侵认可的方案组成。结果表明，没有直接证据支持的入侵可以唯一预测OCD症状，而有证据的入侵则不能预测OCD症状。推理的混乱和恐惧的自我认知在没有直接证据的情况下预测了入侵的特征。讨论了强迫症的认知行为表述。其中包括一项实验性任务，该任务由旨在评估特定证据被认可或没有直接证据支持的特定入侵场景组成。结果表明，没有直接证据支持的入侵可以唯一预测OCD症状，而有证据的入侵则不能预测OCD症状。推理的混乱和恐惧的自我认知在没有直接证据的情况下预测了入侵的特征。讨论了强迫症的认知行为表述。其中包括一项实验性任务，该任务由旨在评估特定证据被认可或没有直接证据支持的特定入侵场景组成。结果表明，没有直接证据支持的入侵可以唯一预测OCD症状，而有证据的入侵则不能预测OCD症状。推理的混乱和恐惧的自我认知在没有直接证据的情况下预测了入侵的特征。讨论了强迫症的认知行为表述。