Climate change has led to a significant shrinkage of glaciers in the Tropical Andes during the last decades. Recent multi-temporal quantifications of ice mass loss at mountain range to regional scale are missing. However, this is fundamental information for future water resource planning and glacier change projections. In this study, we measure temporally consistent glacier area changes and geodetic mass balances throughout the Bolivian Cordillera Real and Tres Cruces based on multi-sensor remote-sensing data. By analyzing multi-spectral satellite images and interferometric SAR data, a glacier recession of 81 ± 18 km2 (29%; 5.1 ± 1.1 km2 a−1), a geodetic mass balance of −403 ± 78 kg m−2 a−1 and a total ice mass loss of 1.8 ± 0.5 Gt is derived for 2000–2016. In the period 2013–2016, ice mass loss was 21% above the average rate. A retreat rate of 15 ± 5 km2 a−1 and a mass budget of −487 ± 349 kg m−2 a−1 are found in this more recent period. These higher change rates can be attributed to the strong El Niño event in 2015/16. The analyses of individual glacier changes and topographic variables confirmed the dependency of the mass budget and glacier recession on glacier aspect and median elevation.

中文翻译：

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2000 年至 2016 年玻利维亚科迪勒拉雷亚尔和特雷斯克鲁塞斯冰川的质量平衡和面积变化

在过去的几十年里，气候变化导致热带安第斯山脉的冰川显着萎缩。缺少最近对山脉到区域尺度的冰质量损失的多时间量化。然而，这是未来水资源规划和冰川变化预测的基本信息。在这项研究中，我们基于多传感器遥感数据测量了整个玻利维亚科迪勒拉山脉和特雷斯克鲁塞斯的时间一致的冰川面积变化和大地质量平衡。通过分析多光谱卫星图像和干涉SAR数据，冰川退缩81±18公里2（29%；5.1 ± 1.1 公里2一种-1)，-403 ± 78 kg m 的大地质量平衡-2一种-12000-2016 年的总冰量损失为 1.8 ± 0.5 Gt。在 2013-2016 年期间，冰质量损失比平均速度高出 21%。后退率为 15 ± 5 公里2一种-1质量预算为 -487 ± 349 kg m-2一种-1在这个更近的时期发现。这些较高的变化率可归因于 2015/16 年强烈的厄尔尼诺事件。对个别冰川变化和地形变量的分析证实了质量预算和冰川退缩对冰川方面和中位海拔的依赖性。