Radiocarbon (14C) ages were determined for 10 iron samples from the war booty offering site in the Nydam peat bog (SE Denmark), and compared to archaeologically inferred periods of deposition. Additional 14C measurements were carried out for modern iron standards made with charcoal of known isotopic composition to evaluate possible effects of handling. Modern iron standards give depleted 14C concentrations, compared to the initial charcoal 14C composition, and may indicate carbon fractionation effects during carbon dissolution in the iron lattice. Further studies are needed to verify if this is a common effect during iron production. 14C dating of two swords and one ax head are in comparatively good agreement with expected deposition times and indicate only small old-wood effects. In contrast, 14C dating of iron rivets from the Nydam (B) oak boat proved difficult due to corrosion with siderite (FeCO3) and conservation with wax. A step-combustion procedure was applied, using a low (∼570–600°C) temperature prior to the high (∼970–1000°C) combustion temperature for carbon extraction, aiming to remove siderite and wax before collecting the original carbon dissolved in the iron lattice. Nevertheless, measured 14C ages of the iron rivets differ by about 200–300 years from the dendro-date of the Nydam (B) oak boat they belong to, indicating persisting aging effects (e.g. old-wood, contamination with fossil carbon added during iron making and/or handling prior 14C dating). Also, a possible recycling of older iron cannot be excluded.

中文翻译：

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解读来自丹麦尼丹的公元 3-4 世纪铁器的 14C 测量值

放射性碳 (14C) 确定了来自 Nydam 泥炭沼泽（丹麦东南部）的战利品提供地点的 10 个铁样品的年龄，并与考古推断的沉积期进行了比较。额外的14对用已知同位素组成的木炭制成的现代铁标准进行 C 测量，以评估处理的可能影响。现代铁标准给耗尽14C 浓度，与初始木炭相比14C 组成，并且可能表明碳在铁晶格中溶解过程中的碳分馏效应。需要进一步的研究来验证这是否是铁生产过程中的常见效应。14两把剑和一个斧头的 C 年代测定与预期的沉积时间比较吻合，仅表明少量的旧木影响。相比之下，14Nydam (B) 橡木船的铁铆钉的 C 年代测定由于菱铁矿 (FeCO3) 的腐蚀而被证明是困难的3) 并用蜡保存。采用分步燃烧程序，在高（~970-1000°C）燃烧温度之前使用低温（~570-600°C）进行碳提取，目的是在收集溶解的原始碳之前去除菱铁矿和蜡在铁格子里。尽管如此，测量14铁铆钉的 C 年龄与其所属的 Nydam (B) 橡木船的树龄相差约 200 至 300 年，表明持续存在老化效应（例如，旧木材、炼铁过程中添加的化石碳污染和/或事先处理14C约会）。此外，不能排除回收旧铁的可能性。