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Signaling pathways of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms exposed to xenobiotics.
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-26 , DOI: 10.1002/jez.2356 Frédéric Silvestre 1
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-26 , DOI: 10.1002/jez.2356 Frédéric Silvestre 1
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Oxidative stress is frequently generated in cells of organisms exposed to environmental pollutants. The production of reactive oxygen species can have either adaptive or maladaptive consequences for the organism as well as for the entire population. However, regarding fish species and other invertebrates exposed to aquatic xenobiotics, the signaling pathways of oxidative stress still lacks a comprehensive characterization. After reviewing the recent literature, we show that important pathways described in mammals are also activated in aquatic species in response to a variety of xenobiotics. A central actor is the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, which regulates the expression of ARE‐driven genes including Gr, Gpx, or Cat. Other important activated pathways concern PPAR, MAPKs, NF‐κB, and even AhR. Moreover, the autophagy and apoptosis pathways are also involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Importantly, there exists crosstalks between these pathways, which together activate a complex cellular antioxidative machinery in response to different xenobiotics. However, our knowledge of these responses in aquatic organisms is still fragmentary. Efforts should be made to extend the number of studied species and better characterize the organ‐dependency and age‐dependency of the responses. However, the huge number and variety of chemicals present in the environment makes the task difficult. Deciphering these key pathways can help to understand the mode of action of pollutants and consequently help to assess the environmental risk in aquatic ecosystems.
中文翻译：
暴露于异源生物的水生生物中氧化应激的信号传导途径。
暴露于环境污染物的生物细胞中经常产生氧化应激。活性氧物质的产生会对有机体以及整个种群产生适应性或适应不良性后果。然而，对于暴露于水生异物的鱼类和其他无脊椎动物，氧化应激的信号传导途径仍缺乏全面的表征。在回顾了最近的文献之后，我们表明在哺乳动物中描述的重要途径在水生物种中也响应多种异生物而被激活。Nrf2 / Keap1通路是一个主要角色，它调节ARE驱动基因（包括Gr，Gpx或Cat）的表达。其他重要的激活途径涉及PPAR，MAPK，NF-κB甚至AhR。此外，自噬和凋亡途径也参与细胞对氧化应激的反应。重要的是，这些途径之间存在串扰，它们共同响应不同的异生素而激活复杂的细胞抗氧化机制。但是，我们对水生生物中这些反应的了解仍然是零碎的。应努力扩大研究物种的数量，并更好地表征反应的器官依赖性和年龄依赖性。但是，环境中存在的化学品数量众多且种类繁多，使这项工作变得困难。理解这些关键途径可以帮助理解污染物的作用方式，从而有助于评估水生生态系统的环境风险。
更新日期：2020-03-26
中文翻译：
暴露于异源生物的水生生物中氧化应激的信号传导途径。
暴露于环境污染物的生物细胞中经常产生氧化应激。活性氧物质的产生会对有机体以及整个种群产生适应性或适应不良性后果。然而，对于暴露于水生异物的鱼类和其他无脊椎动物，氧化应激的信号传导途径仍缺乏全面的表征。在回顾了最近的文献之后，我们表明在哺乳动物中描述的重要途径在水生物种中也响应多种异生物而被激活。Nrf2 / Keap1通路是一个主要角色，它调节ARE驱动基因（包括Gr，Gpx或Cat）的表达。其他重要的激活途径涉及PPAR，MAPK，NF-κB甚至AhR。此外，自噬和凋亡途径也参与细胞对氧化应激的反应。重要的是，这些途径之间存在串扰，它们共同响应不同的异生素而激活复杂的细胞抗氧化机制。但是，我们对水生生物中这些反应的了解仍然是零碎的。应努力扩大研究物种的数量，并更好地表征反应的器官依赖性和年龄依赖性。但是，环境中存在的化学品数量众多且种类繁多，使这项工作变得困难。理解这些关键途径可以帮助理解污染物的作用方式，从而有助于评估水生生态系统的环境风险。
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