Near‐annual landscape‐scale fires in Indonesia's peatlands have caused severe air pollution, economic losses, and health impacts for millions of Southeast Asia residents. While the extent of fires across the peatland surface has been widely attributed to widespread peatland drainage for plantation agriculture, fires that transition from surface into sub‐surface soil‐based fires are the source of the most dangerous air pollution. Yet the mechanisms by which this transition occurs have rarely been considered, particularly in diversely managed landscapes. Integrating physical geography methods, including active fire scene evaluations and hydrological monitoring, with qualitative methods such as retrospective fire scene evaluations and semi‐structured interviews, this article discusses how and why sub‐surface peat fire transition occurs in an intensively altered peatland ecosystem in Indonesia's Central Kalimantan province. We demonstrate that variable water table levels and flammable surface vegetation (fire fuels) are co‐produced socio‐political and biophysical phenomena that enable the conditions in which surface fire is likely to transition into peat fire and increase landscape vulnerability to ongoing, uncontrollable annual fires. This localized understanding of peat fire transition counters normative causal narratives of tropical fire such as ‘slash‐and‐burn’, with implications for the management of new fire regimes in inhabited landscapes.

中文翻译：

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刀耕火种之外：印度尼西亚加里曼丹中部泥炭大火中人类活动，水文变化和燃料的作用

印尼泥炭地近一年一度的景观大火已造成数百万东南亚居民的严重空气污染，经济损失和健康影响。尽管整个泥炭地表面的火灾程度被广泛归因于种植业广泛使用的泥炭地排水系统，但是从地表到地下土壤火灾的火灾却是最危险的空气污染源。然而，很少考虑这种过渡发生的机制，尤其是在多样化管理的环境中。将自然地理方法（包括主动火场评估和水文监测）与定性方法（例如回顾性​​火场评估和半结构化访谈）相结合，本文讨论了印度尼西亚加里曼丹省中部一个泥炭地生态系统剧烈变化的地下泥炭火灾过渡的方式和原因。我们证明了可变的地下水位和易燃的地表植被（火燃料）是社会政治和生物物理现象的共同产生，这使得地表火很可能转变为泥炭火，并增加了对持续的，不可控制的年度大火的景观脆弱性。 。对泥炭火灾过渡的这种局部理解与诸如“刀耕火种”之类的热带火灾的规范性因果叙述相抵触，这对人居景观中新火灾制度的管理产生了影响。我们证明了可变的地下水位和易燃的地表植被（火燃料）是社会政治和生物物理现象的共同产生，这使得地表火很可能转变为泥炭火，并增加了对持续的，不可控制的年度大火的景观脆弱性。 。对泥炭火灾过渡的这种局部理解与诸如“刀耕火种”之类的热带火灾的规范性因果叙述相抵触，这对人居景观中新火灾制度的管理产生了影响。我们证明了可变的地下水位和易燃的地表植被（火燃料）是社会政治和生物物理现象的共同产生，这些现象使得地表火很可能转变为泥炭火，并增加了对持续的，不可控制的年度大火的景观脆弱性。 。对泥炭火灾过渡的这种局部理解与诸如“刀耕火种”之类的热带火灾的规范性因果叙述相抵触，这对人居景观中新火灾制度的管理产生了影响。