The genetic constitution of populations is affected by myriad factors, including both natural and anthropogenic habitat transformations. Previous work on the population structure of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis has suggested that supplemental stocking for fishery enhancement has transformed natural genetic diversity. We utilized microsatellite analysis of 11 loci to examine the genetic structure of over 950 Brook Trout sampled across 50 locations, including hatcheries; holding ponds; wild, unstocked waters; and repeatedly stocked waterbodies across Adirondack lakes and ponds in New York State, USA. From these data, we estimated the degree of introgressive hybridization, tested for associations with landscape and stocking variables, and tested predicted patterns of genetic diversity, effective population size, and genetic population structure. Widespread repeated stocking of a single hybrid strain has led to the dramatic genetic homogenization of Brook Trout across the sampled lakes and ponds. Model selection indicated that environmental factors were more important than stocking intensity for determining the extent of stocked‐fish introgression, and certain environmental circumstances may make some populations relatively resilient to repeated stocking activities. Known, protected heritage strains were confirmed as mostly unadmixed, but holding ponds with heritage brood populations used for supplemental stocking had become differentiated from the natal strains in two of the three cases tested. In addition to the importance of these results for understanding the effects of stocking activities on the genetic integrity of Brook Trout populations, our findings illustrate how current genetic techniques can aid in the development of management practices that are related to the conservation of species supporting economically important freshwater fisheries.

中文翻译：

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放养鱼类向野溪鳟种群的渗透取决于生境

人口的遗传构成受多种因素的影响，包括自然和人为的栖息地转化。布鲁克鳟鱼Salvelinus fontinalis人口结构的先前工作有人认为，用于渔业增产的补充种群已经改变了自然遗传多样性。我们利用11个位点的微卫星分析来分析包括孵化场在内的50个地点的950多个布鲁克鳟鱼的遗传结构。池塘 野生，无养的水域；在美国纽约州的阿迪朗达克（Adirondack）湖泊和池塘中反复放养水生动物。从这些数据中，我们估计了渐渗杂交的程度，测试了与景观和种群变量的关联，并测试了遗传多样性，有效种群规模和遗传种群结构的预测模式。单一杂种菌株的广泛重复放养导致布鲁克鳟鱼在采样的湖泊和池塘中发生了惊人的遗传同质化。模型的选择表明，在确定放养鱼类渗入程度方面，环境因素比放养强度更为重要，并且某些环境条件可能使某些种群对重复放养活动具有相对的抵抗力。已知已确认受保护的文物菌株大多未混合，但在测试的三例中的两例中，有作为繁殖种群的文物育种种群的蓄水池已与新生菌株区分开。除了这些结果对于理解放养活动对布鲁克鳟鱼种群遗传完整性的影响的重要性外，