This article provides a practical design methodology to calculate an optimal filter for noise reduction in the readout of charge‐coupled devices (CCDs) taking into account the charge transfer and feedthroughs due to capacitive coupling in the CCD. A detailed analysis of the dynamics of the video signal and charge transfer is presented, including the circuital modeling of the output stage of the CCD and the dynamics of the electronics in the video chain before the analog‐to‐digital (AD) converter. This model is used to compute an optimal filter that minimizes the variance of the pixel noise and uses the samples of the charge transfer, before the charge is fully settled. This is necessary to enhance the performance of previous results that also use optimal filters but do not use the transition samples, while also reducing the pixel readout time, resulting in faster readouts. As a proof of concept for the optimal filter, we present novel experimental results using a Skipper CCD, which has a floating sense node that allows to measure the charge packet an arbitrary number of times. However, this technique can be applied to any CCD that has a readout system that digitally samples the video signal.

中文翻译：

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视频信号的详细建模和电荷耦合器件的最佳读出

本文提供了一种实用的设计方法，可以计算出用于降低电荷耦合器件（CCD）读出噪声的最佳滤波器，同时考虑到由于CCD中的电容耦合引起的电荷转移和馈通。本文详细介绍了视频信号和电荷转移的动态，包括CCD输出级的电路建模以及模数转换器之前视频链中电子元件的动态。该模型用于计算最佳滤波器，该滤波器可使像素噪声的方差最小化，并在电荷完全稳定之前使用电荷转移的样本。这对于增强以前使用最佳滤波器但不使用过渡采样的结果的性能是必要的，同时还可以减少像素读出时间，导致更快的读数。作为最佳滤波器概念的证明，我们使用Skipper CCD提出了新颖的实验结果，该CCD具有一个浮动感测节点，该节点可以任意次数地测量电荷包。但是，该技术可以应用于具有以数字方式对视频信号进行采样的读出系统的任何CCD。