Soil (SL) and organic carbon losses (SOC_L) have increased with human population and climate change linked extreme events. While SL and SOC_L are clearly associated with surface run‐off, the impact of land use is still not well understood. This article elucidates the effects of land use, surface cover, and other environmental factors on SL and SOC_L using data from 55 published studies. The overall SL (12.34 ± 2.25 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) and SOC_L (21.80 ± 0.91 g C m⁻² year⁻¹) suggests substantial losses of the fertile topsoil globally. Grasslands (4.19 ± 1.22 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) had 77%, 66%, and 41% lower SL than orchards, croplands, and forests, respectively, which is attributable to higher soil organic matter and surface cover. Croplands had the highest SOC_L at 22.78 ± 2.22 g C m⁻² year⁻¹. Natural vegetation had 98% and 70% lower run‐off and SL than did plant residue mulched plots, indicating its great potential for surface run‐off and soil erosion control. Rainfall and slope were key drivers of soil erosion, while soil surface cover, SOC, and clay content decreased. These findings improve our knowledge on soil and organic carbon losses, which is useful for fostering sustainable management of soils and natural vegetation to enhance ecosystems functionality.

中文翻译：

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不同土地用途造成的土壤和有机碳损失：全球荟萃分析

土壤（SL）和有机碳损失（SOC _L）随着人口增长和气候变化相关的极端事件而增加。虽然SL和SOC _L与地表径流明显相关，但对土地利用的影响仍然知之甚少。本文使用来自55个已发表研究的数据阐明了土地利用，表面覆盖和其他环境因素对SL和SOC _L的影响。总体SL（12.34±2.25 Mg ha - ¹ 年^-1）和SOC _L（21.80±0.91 g C m - ² 年^-1）表明全球肥沃的表土大量损失。草原（4.19±1.22 Mg ha - ¹ 年^-1）的SL分别比果园，农田和森林低77％，66％和41％，这归因于土壤有机质和地表覆盖率的提高。农田的SOC _L最高，为22.78±2.22 g C m - ² 年^-1。与植物残料覆盖地相比，天然植被的径流和SL降低了98％和70％，表明其在地表径流和土壤侵蚀控制方面具有巨大潜力。降雨和坡度是土壤侵蚀的主要驱动力，而土壤表层覆盖，SOC和黏土含量下降。这些发现提高了我们对土壤和有机碳损失的认识，这对于促进土壤和天然植被的可持续管理以增强生态系统功能很有用。