当前位置: X-MOL 学术Pharm. Stat. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Improving interim decisions in randomized trials by exploiting information on short‐term endpoints and prognostic baseline covariates
Pharmaceutical Statistics ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-05 , DOI: 10.1002/pst.2014
Kelly Van Lancker 1 , An Vandebosch 2 , Stijn Vansteelandt 1, 3
Affiliation  

Conditional power calculations are frequently used to guide the decision whether or not to stop a trial for futility or to modify planned sample size. These ignore the information in short‐term endpoints and baseline covariates, and thereby do not make fully efficient use of the information in the data. We therefore propose an interim decision procedure based on the conditional power approach which exploits the information contained in baseline covariates and short‐term endpoints. We will realize this by considering the estimation of the treatment effect at the interim analysis as a missing data problem. This problem is addressed by employing specific prediction models for the long‐term endpoint which enable the incorporation of baseline covariates and multiple short‐term endpoints. We show that the proposed procedure leads to an efficiency gain and a reduced sample size, without compromising the Type I error rate of the procedure, even when the adopted prediction models are misspecified. In particular, implementing our proposal in the conditional power approach enables earlier decisions relative to standard approaches, whilst controlling the probability of an incorrect decision. This time gain results in a lower expected number of recruited patients in case of stopping for futility, such that fewer patients receive the futile regimen. We explain how these methods can be used in adaptive designs with unblinded sample size re‐assessment based on the inverse normal P‐value combination method to control Type I error. We support the proposal by Monte Carlo simulations based on data from a real clinical trial.

中文翻译:

通过利用短期终点和预后基线协变量的信息来改善随机试验中的临时决策

有条件的能力计算通常用于指导决定是否出于徒劳而停止试验或修改计划的样本量。它们忽略了短期终点和基线协变量中的信息,因此没有充分有效地利用数据中的信息。因此,我们提出了一种基于条件幂方法的临时决策程序,该程序利用了基线协变量和短期端点中包含的信息。我们将通过在中期分析中将处理效果的估计视为数据丢失问题来实现这一点。通过为长期端点采用特定的预测模型来解决此问题,该模型可以将基线协变量和多个短期端点合并。我们表明,即使错误地采用了所采用的预测模型,所提出的程序仍可提高效率并减小样本量,而不会损害程序的I类错误率。特别是,以条件有力方法实施我们的建议可以实现相对于标准方法的更早决策,同时控制错误决策的可能性。在因徒劳而停止的情况下,这段时间的增加导致招募患者的预期人数减少,从而使徒劳的患者更少。我们解释了如何将这些方法用于基于逆法线的无盲样本大小重新评估的自适应设计中 在有条件权力方法中实施我们的建议可以实现相对于标准方法的更早决策,同时还能控制错误决策的可能性。在因徒劳而停止的情况下,这段时间的增加导致招募患者的预期人数减少,从而使徒劳的患者更少。我们解释了如何将这些方法用于基于逆法线的无盲样本大小重新评估的自适应设计中 在有条件权力方法中实施我们的建议可以实现相对于标准方法的更早决策,同时还能控制错误决策的可能性。在因徒劳而停止的情况下,这种时间增加导致招募患者的预期人数减少,因此接受徒劳治疗的患者更少。我们解释了如何将这些方法用于基于逆法线的无盲样本大小重新评估的自适应设计中用于控制I型错误的P值组合方法。我们支持基于真实临床试验数据的蒙特卡罗模拟提出的建议。
更新日期:2020-04-05
down
wechat
bug