Bird and bat fatalities increase with wind energy expansion and the only effective fatality‐reduction measure has been operational curtailment, which has been documented for bats but not for birds. We performed opportune before‐after, control‐impact (BACI) experiments of curtailment effects on bird and bat fatalities and nocturnal passage rates during fall migration at 2 wind projects, where 1 continued operating and the other shut down from peak migration to the study's end (study 1). We also performed BACI experiments during a 3‐year study of curtailment and operational effects on bird fatalities among wind turbines of varying operational status (study 2). In study 1, wind turbine curtailment significantly reduced near‐misses and rotor‐disrupted flights of bats, and it significantly reduced fatalities of bats but not of birds. In study 2, converting wind turbines from inoperable to operable status did not significantly increase bird fatalities, and bird species of hole or sheltered‐ledge nesters or roosters on human‐made structures died in substantial numbers at vacant towers. Of bird species represented by fatalities in study 2, 79% were found at inoperable wind turbines. Because the migration season is relatively brief, seasonal curtailment would greatly reduce bat fatalities for a slight loss in annual energy generation, but it might not benefit many bird species. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译：

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风力涡轮机削减对鸟类和蝙蝠死亡的影响

随风能的扩展，鸟类和蝙蝠的死亡人数增加，唯一有效的减少死亡人数的措施是减少运营，这已在蝙蝠中得到记录，但鸟类没有。我们在2个风能项目的秋季迁徙过程中进行了对鸟类和蝙蝠死亡和夜间行进率的削减影响的控制前（BACI）前后实验，其中1个继续运行，另一个从高峰迁徙到研究结束（研究1）。在为期3年的研究中，我们还进行了BACI实验，研究了不同运行状态的风力涡轮机的缩减和运行对鸟类死亡的影响（研究2）。在研究1中，风力涡轮机的削减显着减少了蝙蝠的近遗失和旋翼中断的飞行，并且显着减少了蝙蝠的死亡，但没有减少鸟类的死亡。在研究2中，将风力涡轮机从无法运行状态转换为可运行状态并不会显着增加鸟类的死亡率，并且人为结构上的有孔的鸟或隐蔽的巢穴或公鸡的鸟类在空塔上大量死亡。在研究2中，以死亡为代表的鸟类物种中，有79％被发现无法使用风力涡轮机。由于迁徙季节相对短暂，因此季节性减少将极大地减少蝙蝠的死亡，从而使年发电量略有减少，但可能不会使许多鸟类受益。©2020作者。的 在无法运行的风力涡轮机中发现了79％。由于迁徙季节相对短暂，因此季节性减少将极大地减少蝙蝠的死亡，从而使年发电量略有减少，但可能不会使许多鸟类受益。©2020作者。的 在无法运行的风力涡轮机中发现了79％。由于迁徙季节相对短暂，因此季节性减少将极大地减少蝙蝠的死亡，从而使年发电量略有减少，但可能不会使许多鸟类受益。©2020作者。的Wiley Periodicals，Inc.代表野生动物协会出版的《野生动物管理杂志》。