This paper embraces two different approaches for the joining of materials through glass sealants. First, the conventional method of furnace sealing in which paste technology is normally employed. The glass sealant is applied in powder form mixed with agglomerant and with the help of dispenser robots, tape casting, or screen printing. Glass‐ceramics for sealing of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are described as an example of this type of processing. Glass composition, thermal properties, particle size of the glass powder, sintering and crystallization competition, and final crystalline phases together with a suitable chemical compatibility with the metallic and ceramic elements to be sealed need to be carefully adjusted for this specific application. Second, laser welding is presented as an alternative sealing technology. A general overview about laser welding through glass sealants is presented. Particularly, the welding of sapphire and fused silica glass through a BTS.2SiO₂ thin film glass sealant by employment of a nanosecond‐pulsed laser is detailed. Laser parameters (frequency, power, scan speed, and number of passes) were optimized to get the best molten conditions of the BTS thin film, while allowing its crystallization. BTS crystallization upon laser welding leads to a strong blue emission upon UV excitation. Finally, both processing technologies were compared.

中文翻译：

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密封玻璃和玻璃陶瓷的加工技术

本文采用两种不同的方法通过玻璃密封剂连接材料。首先，通常采用通常采用糊技术的熔炉密封的传统方法。该玻璃密封剂以粉末形式与团聚剂混合使用，并借助自动分配器，流延带或丝网印刷技术进行涂覆。描述了用于密封固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的玻璃陶瓷是此类处理的示例。玻璃的成分，热性能，玻璃粉末的粒度，烧结和结晶竞争，最终的结晶相以及与要密封的金属和陶瓷元素的适当化学相容性都需要针对此特定应用进行仔细调整。其次，提出了激光焊接作为替代密封技术。介绍了有关通过玻璃密封剂进行激光焊接的一般概述。特别是通过BTS.2SiO焊接蓝宝石和石英玻璃₂详细介绍了采用纳秒脉冲激光的薄膜玻璃密封剂。优化了激光参数（频率，功率，扫描速度和通过次数），以获得BTS薄膜的最佳熔融条件，同时使其结晶。激光焊接后的BTS结晶会在紫外线激发下产生强烈的蓝色发射。最后，比较了两种处理技术。