The Grosseto plain has undergone extensive morphological changes. The shoreline progression has been taking place during the last millennium and has deeply affected settlement, infrastructural, and socioeconomic dynamics. Consequently, this study aims to (a) localize the raw materials exploited during the Roman period for building materials production, (b) reconstruct the production technology, and (c) provide a meaningful reconstruction of the commercial dynamics between local “municipal” productions and “urban” imports. The chemical, mineralogical, and petrographic investigations performed on 34 stamped bricks from the Roman territories of Vetulonia, Rusellae, Heba (Aia Nova), and Saturnia supported the following major achievements: (a) Most of the Rusellan producers used the continental deposits outcropping along the Ombrone River while a few of them exploited the coastal or marine deposits. Aia Nova and Saturnia producers used the Zanclean marine deposits. (b) Brick‐making technology involved very little or no preparation of the paste and firing temperatures ranging between ~650°C and 900°C. Calcite temper was found in Rusellan bricks while decantation was hypothesized for Saturnia bricks only. (c) Commercial dynamics changed abruptly after the the mid 1st century AD when local productions, run by local aristocracies, started declining in favor of urban imports, until being completely supplanted during the Trajan age.

中文翻译：

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旧食谱，新策略：罗马托斯卡纳（意大利）的古环境，地质资源，建筑材料和贸易网络

格罗塞托平原发生了广泛的形态变化。上个世纪以来，海岸线的发展一直在发生，并已严重影响到定居，基础设施和社会经济动态。因此，本研究旨在（a）本地化罗马时期用于建材生产的原材料，（b）重构生产技术，（c）有意义地重构当地“市政”生产与“城市”进口。对来自Vetulonia，Rusellae，Heba（Aia Nova）和Saturnia的罗马领土的34枚压印砖进行了化学，矿物学和岩石学研究支持以下主要成就：（a）大多数Rusellan生产商使用了沿Ombrone河露头的大陆性矿床，而其中一些则利用了沿海或海洋矿床。Aia Nova和Saturnia生产商使用了Zanclean海洋沉积物。（b）制砖技术只需要很少或根本不需要准备糊状物，烧制温度范围在650°C至900°C之间。在Rusellan砖中发现了方解石回火，而仅对Saturnia砖进行了倾析。（c）公元一世纪中叶以后，当当地贵族经营的本地产品开始下降而转向城市进口时，商业动力突然改变，直到图拉真时代被完全取代。