Geoarchives in ancient settlement sites and their environs bear valuable information about Holocene landscape evolution and human–environment interactions. During the last six millennia, sea‐level and coastline changes have had a significant impact on coastal settlements, some of which even had to be relocated. This paper reveals new insights into the spatio‐temporal development of the Lycian city of Limyra. Selected sediment cores were analyzed using a multiproxy approach, combining sedimentology, geochemistry, micropaleontology, and ¹⁴C dating. When the postglacial sea‐level rise decelerated, a coastal barrier and a deep lake, presumably a lagoon, evolved after the mid‐Holocene. The siltation history of the lake is complex: three coastal peat layers (mid‐4th millennium BC, end of 3rd/beginning of 2nd millennium BC, beginning of 1st millennium BC), indicate periods of semiterrestrial conditions. That they are sandwiched by lake sediments is consistent with new expansion phases of the lake, most likely triggered by coseismic subsidence. There is evidence of a former lakeshore, dated to between 1400 and 1100 BC, with an intentionally deposited layer of anthropogenic remains, now at 5.5 m below the surface. In the mid‐1st millennium BC, the lake silted up, river channels evolved, and people started to settle the area of the later city of Limyra.

中文翻译：

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利米拉（安纳托利亚西南）地质考古学——对著名利西亚城市及其周边地区的新见解


古代定居点及其周边地区的地质档案蕴藏着有关全新世景观演变和人类与环境相互作用的宝贵信息。在过去的六千年里，海平面和海岸线的变化对沿海定居点产生了重大影响，其中一些甚至不得不搬迁。本文揭示了利西亚城市利米拉时空发展的新见解。采用多代理方法，结合沉积学、地球化学、微古生物学和¹⁴ C 测年，对选定的沉积物岩心进行了分析。当冰期后海平面上升减速时，在全新世中期之后，形成了沿海屏障和深湖（可能是泻湖）。湖泊的淤积历史很复杂：三个沿海泥炭层（公元前4世纪中期、公元前3世纪末/2世纪初期、公元前1世纪初期）表明了半陆地条件的时期。它们被湖泊沉积物夹在中间，这与湖泊的新扩张阶段一致，很可能是由同震沉降引发的。有证据表明，这里曾是一个湖岸，其历史可追溯至公元前 1400 年至公元前 1100 年，在湖面以下 5.5 m 处故意沉积了一层人类遗迹。公元前一千年中期，湖泊淤塞，河道演变，人们开始在后来的利米拉城地区定居。