A field study was conducted to assess the long‐term effects of no‐tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT), and the short‐term effects following tillage conversion from CT to NT (NT_n) and from NT to CT (CT_n) on soil quality (SQ) indicators in a semi‐humid climate. First, plots of a long‐term tillage experiment on a Luvic Phaeozem initiated in 1986 were split into two subplots in 2012, yielding four treatments: NT, CT, NT_n and CT_n. In 2015, composite soil samples were collected from each treatment and from a natural site (Ref) at depths 0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 0–20 cm. Several indicators were determined: soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON); particulate organic C (POM‐C) and N (POM‐N); potential N mineralization (PMN) and soil respiration (R_s). Moreover, bulk density was determined in long‐term tillage systems. Different ratios between indicators were calculated, with emphasis on its function in the agroecosystem, that is functional indicators. Significant differences in SOC, SON and PMN were found between CT and NT at most depths. In contrast, 3 years after tillage conversion, only a part of the SQ indicators studied were modified mainly at the 0–10 cm depth. The functional indicators showed differences between tillage systems in the long‐term and after short‐term tillage conversion depending on the depth; however, the PMN/SON ratio demonstrated differences at all depths. Under these conditions, this ratio‐related to easily mineralizable N fraction proved to be a promising indicator for assessing SQ under contrasting tillage systems regardless of the sampling depth.

中文翻译：

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长期耕作和半湿润地区耕作转化后基于土壤有机质库的土壤质量评估

进行了一项田间研究，以评估免耕（NT）和常规耕作（CT）的长期影响，以及从CT转换为NT（NT _n），从NT转换为CT（CT）的耕作后的短期影响。_n）关于半湿润气候下的土壤质量（SQ）指标。首先，在1986年启动的Luvic Phaeozem长期耕作试验的地块在2012年被分成两个子图，产生了四种处理方法：NT，CT，NT _n和CT _n。2015年，从每种处理和自然地点（参考）收集的复合土壤样品深度为0-5、5-10、10-20和0-20 cm。确定了几个指标：土壤有机碳（SOC）和氮（SON）；颗粒有机碳（POM‐C）和氮（POM‐N）; 潜在的氮矿化（PMN）和土壤呼吸（R _s）。此外，在长期耕作系统中确定了容重。计算了指标之间的不同比率，重点是其在农业生态系统中的功能，即功能指标。在最深处，CT和NT之间的SOC，SON和PMN差异显着。相反，耕作转换后3年，仅研究的SQ指标的一部分主要在0–10 cm深度处被修改。功能指标显示了耕作方式在长期和短期耕作转换后之间的差异，具体取决于深度。然而，PMN / SON比在所有深度都显示出差异。在这些条件下，无论采样深度如何，该比率与易于矿化的N分数有关都是评估对比耕作系统下SQ的有希望的指标。