Real‐time (RT) systems include hardware and software components interacting in a tight fashion. Although formal methods for RT systems development have advanced, they are sometimes difficult to apply in practical applications, and scalability is compromised as the complexity of the system scales up. Instead, using modeling and simulation (M&S) methods and tools has showed to be useful for verification of practical aspects of RT systems (and having the advantage to be able to including models of the physical environment they interact with). Although several efforts exist in M&S of RT systems, none of them has considered problems of transient overloading in the RT systems specifications. Here, we introduce a new theoretical framework called I‐DEVS (imprecise discrete event systems specification) with the goal of guaranteeing responses to inputs within specified time constraints under such transient overloading conditions. The solution presented here has the advantages of a formal specification and the practicality of an M&S‐based approach. We also discuss how to define hierarchical models running in RT, and we present a set of tools that can be applied to develop RT‐embedded applications, and RT simulations.

中文翻译：

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使用不精确的离散事件系统规范设计实时系统

实时 (RT) 系统包括以紧密方式交互的硬件和软件组件。尽管 RT 系统开发的形式化方法有所进步，但它们有时难以在实际应用中应用，并且随着系统复杂性的增加，可扩展性受到损害。相反，使用建模和仿真 (M&S) 方法和工具已被证明可用于验证 RT 系统的实际方面（并且具有能够包含与其交互的物理环境模型的优势）。尽管在 RT 系统的 M&S 中存在一些努力，但没有人在 RT 系统规范中考虑过瞬态过载问题。这里，我们引入了一个称为 I-DEVS（不精确离散事件系统规范）的新理论框架，其目标是保证在这种瞬态过载条件下在指定的时间限制内对输入做出响应。此处介绍的解决方案具有形式规范的优点和基于 M&S 方法的实用性。我们还讨论了如何定义在 RT 中运行的分层模型，并提供了一组可用于开发 RT 嵌入式应用程序和 RT 模拟的工具。