To understand the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and the sources of water pollutants in the Shayinghe River Basin, water quality monitoring data of the five water quality indexes (biochemical oxygen demand: BOD₅, permanganate index: COD_Mn, ammonium nitrogen: NH₃–N, total phosphorus: TP and dissolved oxygen: DO) were collected from 11 monitoring stations and divided into 6 categories (classes I, II, III, IV, V and inferior class V). The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the water pollutants were comprehensively identified by the water pollution index method (WPI), Mann-Kendall trend test, cluster analysis and box-plot analysis method, and the effects of the pollution source, runoff and sluice regulation were analyzed for water pollutants. The results indicated that the water quality standard of classes mainly belonged to class IV or above in Shayinghe River Basin, accounting for about 70%, but the water quality standard reached class I and class II for less than 15%. The water pollutants presented a significant decreasing trend, and the NH₃-N and TP were the key control indexes for the monitoring stations in the Shayinghe River Basin. The exceeding rates of WPI values showed a significantly decreasing trend at Baidukou, Mawan, Huangqiao, Zhoukou Sluice, Jieshou, Fuyang Sluice and Yingshang Sluice by controlling the NH₃-N and TP. The WPI values showed obvious variations in January 2011, March 2013 and October 2014 at the Baisha Reservoir, Mawan and Chengwan. The WPI values were divided into two major categories with respect to time. The non-flood season should be used as the key period for water quality management and control; the variability of WPI values was relatively large from January to June, November, and December, and the variability of WPI values was relatively low from July to October. The monitoring sections were spatially divided into three major categories. The WPI values had the greatest variability at Huangqiao and a relatively small variability at Baisha Reservoir, Mawan and Chengwan. The study results could provide the scientific basis for realizing targeted pollution source treatment, improving the effectiveness of water quality management and ecological environment, and a theoretical foundation for pollution control and water quality improvement in the Shayinghe River Basin.

中文翻译：

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沙颍河流域水污染物时空变化特征及来源识别

为了解沙颍河流域水污染物的时空变化特征及来源，5项水质指标（生化需氧量：BOD ₅，高锰酸盐指数：COD _Mn，铵态氮：NH _{3 ）的}水质监测数据-N、总磷：TP 和溶解氧：DO）从 11 个监测站采集，分为 6 类（I 类、II 类、III 类、IV 类、V 类和劣 V 类）。采用水污染指数法(WPI)、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、聚类分析和箱线图分析法综合识别水污染物的时空分布特征，分析污染源、径流和闸门调控的影响。对于水污染物。结果表明，沙颍河流域水质标准主要为Ⅳ类及以上，约占70%，而达到Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类的不到15%。水污染物呈显着下降趋势，NH ₃-N和TP是沙颍河流域监测站的关键控制指标。通过控制NH ₃，百度口、妈湾、黄桥、周口闸、界首、阜阳闸和营上闸WPI超标率呈明显下降趋势。-N 和 TP。2011年1月、2013年3月和2014年10月白沙水库、妈湾和城湾WPI值变化明显。WPI 值根据时间分为两大类。将非汛期作为水质管控的重点时段；1-6月、11月和12月WPI值的变异性较大，7-10月WPI值的变异性相对较小。监测断面在空间上分为三大类。WPI 值在黄桥变化最大，白沙水库、妈湾和城湾变化相对较小。研究结果可为实现污染源针对性治理提供科学依据，