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Wood-induced backwater effects in lowland streams
River Research and Applications ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1002/rra.3611
Tjitske J. Geertsema 1 , Paul J. J. F. Torfs 1 , Joris P. C. Eekhout 2 , Adriaan J. Teuling 1 , Antonius J. F. Hoitink 1
Affiliation  

Placement of wood in streams has become a common method to increase ecological value in river and stream restoration and is widely used in natural environments. Water managers, however, are often hesitant to introduce wood in channels that drain agricultural and urban areas because of backwater effect concerns. This study aims to better understand the dependence of wood-induced backwater effects on cross-sectional area reduction and on discharge variation. A newly developed, one-dimensional stationary model demonstrates how a reduction in water level over the wood patch significantly increases directly after wood insertion. The water level drop is found to increase with discharge, up to a maximum level. If the discharge increases beyond this maximum, the water level drop reduces to a value that may represent the situation without wood. This reduction predominately depends on the obstruction ratio, calculated as the area covered by wood in the channel cross section divided by the total cross-sectional area. The model was calibrated with data from a field study in four lowland streams in the Netherlands. The field study showed that morphologic adjustments in the stream and reorientation of the woody material reduced the water level reduction over the patches in time. The backwater effects can thus be reduced by optimizing the location where wood patches are placed and by manipulating the obstruction ratio. The model can function as a generic tool to achieve a stream design with wood that optimizes the hydrological and ecological potential of streams.

中文翻译:

低地溪流中木材引起的回水效应

在溪流中放置木材已成为河流和溪流恢复中增加生态价值的常用方法,并广泛应用于自然环境中。然而,由于对回水效应的担忧,水资源管理者往往不愿在排放农业和城市地区的渠道中引入木材。本研究旨在更好地了解木材引起的回水影响对横截面积减少和排放变化的依赖性。新开发的一维静态模型展示了木材插入后木块上水位的降低如何直接显着增加。发现水位下降随着排放而增加,直到最高水平。如果排放量增加超过此最大值,则水位下降会降低到可以代表没有木材的情况的值。这种减少主要取决于阻塞率,计算方法为通道横截面中木材覆盖的面积除以总横截面面积。该模型使用来自荷兰四个低地河流的实地研究数据进行校准。实地研究表明,溪流的形态调整和木质材料的重新定向及时减少了斑块上水位的降低。因此,可以通过优化放置木块的位置和控制障碍率来减少回水效应。该模型可以作为通用工具来实现使用木材的溪流设计,从而优化溪流的水文和生态潜力。计算方法为通道横截面中被木材覆盖的面积除以总横截面面积。该模型使用来自荷兰四个低地河流的实地研究数据进行校准。实地研究表明,溪流的形态调整和木质材料的重新定向及时减少了斑块上水位的降低。因此,可以通过优化放置木块的位置和控制障碍率来减少回水效应。该模型可以作为通用工具来实现使用木材的溪流设计,从而优化溪流的水文和生态潜力。计算方法为通道横截面中被木材覆盖的面积除以总横截面面积。该模型使用来自荷兰四个低地河流的实地研究数据进行校准。实地研究表明,溪流的形态调整和木质材料的重新定向及时减少了斑块上的水位降低。因此,可以通过优化放置木块的位置和控制障碍率来减少回水效应。该模型可以作为通用工具来实现使用木材的溪流设计,从而优化溪流的水文和生态潜力。实地研究表明,溪流的形态调整和木质材料的重新定向及时减少了斑块上水位的降低。因此,可以通过优化放置木块的位置和控制障碍率来减少回水效应。该模型可以作为通用工具来实现使用木材的溪流设计,从而优化溪流的水文和生态潜力。实地研究表明,溪流的形态调整和木质材料的重新定向及时减少了斑块上水位的降低。因此,可以通过优化放置木块的位置和控制障碍率来减少回水效应。该模型可以作为通用工具来实现使用木材的溪流设计,从而优化溪流的水文和生态潜力。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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