Diabetic nephropathy is the most common diabetic complication culminating often into end‐stage renal disease. Classically, it is defined by the presence of albuminuria which has limited ability to be detected at early stages but deterioration in kidney function generally precedes albuminuria. This necessitates the development of newer diagnostic assays for diabetic nephropathy to determine the progression of the disease. Kidney associated diseases with non‐albuminuria further complicates a timely diagnosis and thus demands an early biomarker. Urinary exosomes, the nanovesicular entities are released by every epithelial cells of the nephron. Their protein or molecular cargo varies in the diseased state which may provide the pathophysiology of the kidney associated diseases. This drives them to be exploited as non‐invasive biomarker. This review thus integrates the recent findings on the significance of the urinary exosomes as diagnostic biomarker in kidney‐associated diseases, primarily in diabetic nephropathy.

中文翻译：

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泌尿外泌体：糖尿病肾病的潜在生物标志物

糖尿病肾病是最常见的糖尿病并发症，最终发展为终末期肾病。传统上，它的定义是存在蛋白尿，在早期阶段检测能力有限，但肾功能恶化通常先于蛋白尿。这需要开发更新的糖尿病肾病诊断检测方法，以确定疾病的进展。伴有非白蛋白尿的肾脏相关疾病进一步使及时诊断复杂化，因此需要早期生物标志物。泌尿外泌体，纳米囊泡实体由肾单位的每个上皮细胞释放。它们的蛋白质或分子货物在患病状态下有所不同，这可能提供肾脏相关疾病的病理生理学。这促使它们被用作非侵入性生物标志物。