Pinewood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a devastating invasive species that is expanding into colder regions. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying low‐temperature resistance of PWN. We identified differentially expressed genes enriched under low temperature in previously published transcriptome data using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to further validate the transcript level changes of three known cytochrome P450 genes under low temperature. RNA interference was used to validate the low‐temperature resistance function of three cytochrome P450 genes from PWN. We report that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in two cytochrome P450‐related pathways under low‐temperature treatment. Heatmap visualization of transcript levels of cytochrome P450‐related genes revealed widely different transcript patterns between PWNs treated under low and regular temperatures. Transcript levels of three cytochrome P450 genes from PWNs were elevated at low temperature, and knockdown of these genes decreased the survival rates of PWNs under low temperature. In summary, these findings suggest that cytochrome P450 metabolism plays a critical role in the low‐temperature resistance mechanism of PWN.

中文翻译：

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细胞色素P450的代谢介导了松木线虫的低温抗性。

松木线虫（PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus）是一种破坏性入侵物种，正在向寒冷地区扩展。在这里，我们研究了PWN耐低温性的分子机制。我们使用《京都基因与基因组百科全书》在以前发表的转录组数据中鉴定了在低温下富集的差异表达基因。实时定量PCR用于进一步验证低温下三个已知细胞色素P450基因的转录水平变化。RNA干扰被用来验证来自PWN的三个细胞色素P450基因的低温抗性功能。我们报告说，在低温处理下，差异表达的基因在两个细胞色素P450相关的途径中显着富集。通过热图可视化细胞色素P450相关基因的转录水平，发现在低温和常规温度下处理的PWN之间的转录模式差异很大。在低温下，来自PWNs的三个细胞色素P450基因的转录水平升高，而这些基因的敲低降低了PWNs在低温下的存活率。总之，这些发现表明细胞色素P450代谢在PWN的低温抗性机制中起着关键作用。