ABSTRACT Seismic attenuation compensation is a spectrum‐broadening technique for enhancing the resolution of non‐stationary seismic data. The single‐trace attenuation compensation algorithms ignore the prior information that the seismic reflection events are generally continuous along seismic traces, thus, the compensated result may have poor spatial continuity and low signal‐to‐noise ratio. To address this problem, we extend the single‐trace approaches to the multi‐trace algorithms and furthermore propose a multi‐trace attenuation compensation with a spatial constraint. The frequency‐space prediction filters are the key to construct this spatial regularization. We test the effectiveness of the proposed spatially constrained attenuation compensation algorithm by applying both synthetic and field data examples. Synthetic data tests indicate that the proposed multi‐trace attenuation compensation approach can provide a better compensated result than single‐trace attenuation compensation algorithm in terms of suppressing noise amplification and guaranteeing structural continuities. Field data applications further confirm its stability and practicality to improve seismic resolution.

中文翻译：

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混合域中的空间约束衰减补偿

摘要 地震衰减补偿是一种用于提高非平稳地震数据分辨率的频谱拓宽技术。单道衰减补偿算法忽略了地震反射事件沿地震道一般是连续的先验信息，因此补偿结果可能空间连续性差，信噪比低。为了解决这个问题，我们将单轨迹方法扩展到多轨迹算法，并进一步提出了具有空间约束的多轨迹衰减补偿。频率空间预测滤波器是构建这种空间正则化的关键。我们通过应用合成和现场数据示例来测试所提出的空间约束衰减补偿算法的有效性。综合数据测试表明，在抑制噪声放大和保证结构连续性方面，所提出的多道衰减补偿方法可以提供比单道衰减补偿算法更好的补偿结果。现场数据应用进一步证实了其提高地震分辨率的稳定性和实用性。