Morphogenetic mechanisms forming the notochord rod: The turgor pressure-sheath strength model.,Development, Growth & Differentiation

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Morphogenetic mechanisms forming the notochord rod: The turgor pressure-sheath strength model.
Development, Growth & Differentiation ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-10 , DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12665
Yuuri Yasuoka _{1,

2}

Affiliation

The notochord is a defining feature of chordates. During notochord formation in vertebrates and tunicates, notochord cells display dynamic morphogenetic movement, called convergent extension, in which cells intercalate and align at the dorsal midline. However, in cephalochordates, the most basal group of chordates, the notochord is formed without convergent extension. It is simply developed from mesodermal cells at the dorsal midline. This suggests that convergent extension movement of notochord cells is a secondarily acquired developmental attribute in the common ancestor of olfactores (vertebrates + tunicates), and that the chordate ancestor innovated the notochord upon a foundation of morphogenetic mechanisms independent of cell movement. Therefore, this review focuses on biological features specific to notochord cells, which have been well studied using clawed frogs, zebrafish, and tunicates. Attributes of notochord cells, such as vacuolation, membrane trafficking, extracellular matrix formation, and apoptosis, can be understood in terms of two properties: turgor pressure of vacuoles and strength of the notochord sheath. To maintain the straight rod‐like structure of the notochord, these parameters must be counterbalanced. In the future, the turgor pressure‐sheath strength model, proposed in this review, will be examined in light of quantitative molecular data and mathematical simulations, illuminating the evolutionary origin of the notochord.

中文翻译：

形成脊索杆的形态发生机制：凸脊压鞘强度模型。

脊索是和弦的定义特征。在脊椎动物和被膜成虫的脊索形成过程中，脊索细胞表现出动态的形态发生运动，称为会聚延伸，其中细胞在背侧中线插入并对齐。但是，在最基本的和弦类头针类中，脊索的形成没有收敛延伸。它仅由背中线的中胚层细胞发育而成。这表明，脊索细胞的收敛延伸运动是嗅觉的共同祖先（脊椎动物+被膜）的次生获得的发育属性，而脊索祖先在与细胞运动无关的形态发生机制的基础上创新了脊索。因此，本综述着重于脊索细胞特有的生物学特征，已经使用爪状青蛙，斑马鱼和被膜进行了很好的研究。脊索细胞的属性，如空泡化，膜运输，细胞外基质形成和细胞凋亡，可以通过两个特性来理解：空泡的膨胀压力和脊索鞘的强度。为了保持脊索的直杆状结构，必须平衡这些参数。将来，将根据定量分子数据和数学模拟对本文中提出的凸台压力-鞘层强度模型进行研究，以阐明脊索的进化起源。液泡的膨胀压力和脊索鞘的强度。为了保持脊索的直杆状结构，必须平衡这些参数。将来，将根据定量分子数据和数学模拟对本文中提出的凸台压力-鞘层强度模型进行研究，以阐明脊索的进化起源。液泡的膨胀压力和脊索鞘的强度。为了保持脊索的直杆状结构，必须平衡这些参数。将来，将根据定量分子数据和数学模拟对本文中提出的凸台压力-鞘层强度模型进行研究，以阐明脊索的进化起源。

更新日期：2020-04-10

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