Despite the fact that contracting facilitates farmer participation in agrifood value chains, evidence on farmers’ participation in different forms of contracts and the impact on farm performance is still limited. This study examines the determinants and impacts of vertical coordination mechanism‐spot market transactions, written, and verbal contract‐on‐farm performance of rice farmers in northern Ghana, using a multinomial BFG model to account for selectivity bias. The findings indicate that vertical coordination participation decision is significantly influenced by age, access to credit, labor, association membership, and sales to institutional buyers. The empirical results also reveal significant gains in farm performance outcomes from participating in written and verbal contracts, relative to spot market transactions.

中文翻译：

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加纳北部小农稻农之间的纵向协调机制和农场绩效

尽管合同有利于农民参与农业食品价值链，但关于农民参与不同形式合同及其对农场绩效影响的证据仍然有限。本研究使用多项 BFG 模型来解释选择性偏差，研究了垂直协调机制——现货市场交易、书面和口头合同对加纳北部稻农的农场绩效的决定因素和影响。研究结果表明，纵向协调参与决策受年龄、获得信贷、劳动力、协会会员资格和对机构买家的销售的显着影响。实证结果还显示，与现货市场交易相比，参与书面和口头合同的农场绩效结果显着提高。